This presentation introduces key concepts, policies, and actors involved in Open Science and Research Data Management across Europe and Spain. It explores how international recommendations, national strategies, and EU frameworks like Horizon Europe and ResearchComp are shaping a more open, transparent, and responsible research ecosystem. The content also addresses FAIR data principles, privacy and intellectual property rights, and the evolving role of libraries in supporting infrastructures and services. Emphasis is placed on skills development, research assessment reform, and enabling practices such as open access, data sharing, and responsible data governance.