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Browsing Research by Department "Architecture & Design"
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Publication Adapting residential envelope assemblies for full circularity(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2021) Mayer, Matan; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Residential external wall assemblies are among the key contributors to embodied carbon emissions in the building industry. Their design,however,is still largely oriented towards linear consumption trajectories of extraction-use-waste. Within this context,this paper investigates how established material recovery potential assessment metrics could be used to inform design decisions aimed at improving circularity in buildings. A redesign of a typical timber frame assembly is presented and its material recovery performance is compared to standard systems. Results show a 35%-47% improvement in material recovery potential. © Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Licence.Publication Architectural form: flexibility, subdivision and diversity in Manhattan loft buildings(Web Portal Ubiquity Press, 2021) Kayatekin, Cem; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75How do the design and spatial configuration of buildings impact the economic life of their neighbourhood? A mixed-methods study of industrial loft buildings in the Midtown Garment District of Manhattan in New York City investigates both occupants and built forms over a long period (1930–80). A large-scale statistical analysis of flexibility shows how the tenants’ space requirements in those buildings changed and how the buildings were able to respond through flexibility in the subdivision and arrangement of rooms or suites occupied by different tenants. The research is anchored around the physical and economic analysis of two sets of buildings (n = 37) divided according to whether buildings supported consistently high or consistently low diversities of tenants of varying economic specialisations over time. These loft buildings were found to support an economic diversity of businesses (i.e. many collaborating specialisms in the garment industry) that expand or contract according to business conditions. From the analysis of these buildings,an array of six physical parameters is derived that influence the capabilities of buildings to consistently support high levels of diversity of tenants over extended periods of time. PRACTICE RELEVANCE This research shows that the physical characteristics (design and layout) of buildings affect their capabilities to accommodate a variety of different tenants,allowing for a rapid expansion or contraction of individual tenancies. This flexibility provides economic robustness for the building because it can respond to changing tenant needs and economic conditions. The design decisions involving cores,corridors,facades,light and air have economic impacts that were not previously recognised. They emerge here as critical elements in the fine-grained relationship between the physical and economic dynamics of the city. © 2021 The Author(s).Publication Bauhäusler on the Franco-Spanish Border(The Open Library Of Humanities, 2016-10-26) Martínez de Guereñu, Laura; BBVA Foundation; Fritz Thyssen Foundation; Fundación Rafael del Pino; Harvard University; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This article focuses on the travels of Bauhaus masters and instructors and on the transport of Bauhaus products to Spain in 1929, when the Franco-Spanish border was still culturally permeable. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Marcel Breuer introduced their tubular-steel furniture in the Spanish market. Mies and Lilly Reich designed the interiors of all German industrial sections at the Barcelona International Exposition, where the Bauhaus sent objects from its carpentry, metal, and weaving workshops. Josef and Anni Albers traveled to see the exhibition and then went to meet Vassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee, who spent over a month on holiday in the Côte Basque. Albers captured their trip in photo collages, Kandinsky registered his impressions in snapshots, while Klee wrote abundant correspondence and produced drawings. Focusing on the itineraries the Bauhäusler followed, along with the means by which they expressed their travel impressions, this article reveals the effect of travel in their later design attitudes and work. Significant cultural transfers between Germany and Spain took place in a critical moment of European history, suggesting that further developments of these learning experiences might have materialized later on both sides of the border, possibly even reaching across the Atlantic.Fundación BBVA- Convocatoria 2015 de Ayudas a Investigadores y Creadores Culturales Bauhaus, España, América: Intercambios y Transferencias culturales (1928-1975)Publication Circularity at Scale(Taylor & Francis, 2023-07-03) Mayer, Matan; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This article has no abstract.Publication Data granularity for life cycle modelling at an urban scale(Taylor & Francis, 2020-07-03) Bechthold, Martin; Mayer, Matan; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Calculating emissions and related environmental impacts for buildings is typically a data-heavy and labour-intensive task. Widely used life cycle assessment (LCA) standards require meticulous modelling of multiple processes for each part within a product or a subassembly. This level of detailing demands time-consuming manual modelling and essentially renders full LCA of entire city blocks unrealistic. Within this context, this paper investigates how LCA results of modelling processes which involve a range of automated input data sources compare to those resulting from a highly detailed base case model. Findings show that models generated from data gathered from Google Street View and the U.S. Census produce the closest results to the base case model, with the lowest deviations occurring in embodied energy (0.06−6.0%) and global warming potential (0.7−4.8%) results. These findings imply that data with lower granularity can lead to precise LCA results, depending on the inventory and impact categories considered.Publication Economic indicators for material recovery estimation(Elsevier, 2021-07-31) Mayer, Matan; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Material recovery characterization is a seemingly simple task: determining whether given waste is fit or unfit for recycling. A closer look, however, reveals a subtler and more complex gradient between the two. There are multiple levels of material recovery solutions below recycling, such as landfilling, incineration, and downcycling, as well as multiple levels above it, such as upcycling, remanufacturing, and reuse. Determining material recovery potential of a given material or product on this continuum depends on a number of variables, including maturity of recycling technologies, geographical proximity, scalability and existing marketplaces. For the most part, these and other variables do not easily lend themselves to precise quantitative assessment.Within this context, this chapter explores the viability of estimating material recovery potential based on a single indicator: market price. By comparing the drop and rise in market price of products along the recovery chain from the point of sale of a new item, through remanufacturing and recycling operations to eventual disposal, one can conclude regarding a range of influencing factors, including the quality of return infrastructure, availability of developed recycling methods, market demand, and more. The chapter presents the methodological foundations of this approach and discusses applications in practice in the construction industry. Additionally, the chapter proposes multiple extensions to this index that apply the developed methodology to a range of indicator domains.Publication Escribir la arquitectura – Kawabata Yasunari(Universidad Europea, 2018) Vela Castillo, José; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75El escritor japonés Yasunari Kawabata (1899- 1972) fue autor de una extensa obra en la que destacan una serie de novelas que retratan las tensiones de un Japón que se moderniza a lo largo del segundo tercio del siglo veinte y que construye mediante una técnica episódica y fragmentaria. En ellas el espacio, el tiempo y la arquitectura cobran un papel determinante, al punto que ayudan a construir un modo de narrar propio en el que los hechos que ocurren no pueden entenderse sin la existencia conjunta de los espacios en que acontecen, y viceversa. El presente texto quiere ofrecer una aproximación a cómo es la arquitectura que se desprende, sin esfuerzo aparente, de la escritura del novelista. Para ello tomaremos ejemplos extraídos de algunas de sus obras y los contextualizaremos en el marco más amplio de la cultura japonesa de la época. Una coda final apunta algunas relaciones no tan aparentes de lo anterior con la práctica y la ideología del grupo de arquitectos metabolistas, que floreció en el Japón del cambio de década de 1950 a 1960.Publication In Review: Assessing Mass Timber and the Circular Economy(Taylor & Francis, 2023-07-03) Kobelt, Pete; Mayer, Matan; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This article has no abstract.Publication Making up the Plaza: An Urban Archive in Osaka ’70(2021) Aragüez, Marcela; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75El artículo establece una conexión directa entre las investigaciones urbanas del arquitecto japonés Arata Isozaki y su implicación en el diseño de los espacios performativos en el Festival Plaza, el espacio central de la Expo. El trabajo de Marcela, publicado en la revista Roadsides de la Universidad de Zurich, contribuye a la comprensión de esta gran obra de la arquitectura japonesa del siglo XX más allá de sus asociaciones al movimiento Metabolista y los intereses de diseño del arquitecto Kenzo Tange.Publication Material recovery certification for construction workers(Ubiquity press, 2020-09-07) Mayer, Matan; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Low and zero-carbon building certification programmes typically focus on emissions caused by building operation and/or material extraction and manufacturing activities. However, ‘end-of-life’ issues involving the reuse, remanufacture or recycling potential of embodied energy-intensive components are often overlooked. As a result, training and certification in this field tends to be diagnostic and observational rather than proactive and anticipatory. To ensure that vocational workers have appropriate capabilities to recycle or reuse building components fully, a training and certification programme is necessary that focuses on end-of-life material recovery potential. A framework is presented for recovery of building products and the certification system for workers. The system rates recovery potential at both the material and assembly levels through a series of evaluation criteria. This assessment is translated into a product labelling scheme as well as a training and certification programme for vocation workers involved in the production, supply and installation chains of recovery-oriented products.Publication One pavilion eight palaces: The construction of German identity in Barcelona 1929(CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 2019) Martínez de Guereñu, Laura; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This article resolves a historiographical omission,disclosing the forgotten context of the German Pavilion at the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition. Much scholarship has been produced around the myth of a Pavilion that,in spite of its ephemeral existence of eight months,became one of the most important works of the 20th century. However,the formal relationship between the architectural elements of the Pavilion and the design of the 16,000 m2 of German industrial sections distributed in eight Noucentista Palaces had not been explored until now. This article reveals the construction of a consistent sequence linking the Pavilion and the interior of these Palaces,which allowed Mies and Lilly Reich to architecturally express the distinctive identity of Germany through the recovered strength of its industrial fabric. © 2019 CSIC.Publication Pero...¿Qué queremos decir cuando decimos teoría?(2018) Vela Castillo, José; Iniciativa Digital Politécnica RU Books; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Los Textos de Arquitectura, Docencia e Innovación dan testimonio de las “Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura” (JIDA) y vehiculan reflexiones diversas sobre la docencia de la disciplina. Son un marco de debate dirigido tanto a docentes y estudiantes, como a profesionales e interesados en la idiosincrasia de la formación del arquitecto. La colección pretende ensanchar puntos de vista y ampliar el conocimiento de la Arquitectura a través de la descripción y el análisis de prácticas docentes actuales y pasadas. consecuentemente, se reúnen experiencias pedagógicas que ofrecen un pequeño panorama actual de la enseñanza de la Arquitectura tanto a nivel nacional como internacional.Publication The module and the system: functional grids at the Hidrola complex in Escombreras(CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 2023) García Martínez, Pedro; Vela Castillo, José; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This paper presents a detailed analysis of a building as unique as it is unknown or forgotten: the thermal power station built by Hidroeléctrica Española in Escombreras,Cartagena,in the mid-1950s,designed by the architect Fernando Urrutia and the engineer Carlos Jaureguizar. And it does so from a double point of view: on the one hand,by contextualising the building within the industrial and architectural context of the time,to which it responds with a perfect modernity that is at the same time pragmatic and monumental. On the other hand,by focusing on a meticulous constructive,geometric and aesthetic analysis of perhaps its most unique element,the very ingenious functional grid (as the architect calls it) that defines its facades with a prefabricated modular skin that gives it a unique personality and a disturbing contemporaneity. © 2023 CSIC. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).Publication Un jardín rocoso. Cinco estampas de Ryōan-ji(2024-04-30) Vela Castillo, José; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Cinco estampas de Ryōan-ji son cinco aproximaciones al famoso jardín seco emplazado en el templo del mismo nombre en Kioto. Se ha buscado a través de ellas explorar distintas particularidades de este jardín y, por extensión, de los jardines secos japoneses de inspiración Zen desde distintos medios: la narrativa (Kawabata), la música (Cage y Takemitsu), el cine (Ozu, Iimura), la arquitectura (Isozaki y Mies, tangencialmente). No se ha pretendido ofrecer una visión unitaria de Ryōan-ji, antes bien, como el deslumbramiento en el verso final de un haiku, se ha querido construir un mecanismo de iluminaciones parciales que muestre, al menos, parte de su compleja esencia; pero que también ilumine simultáneamente la narrativa, las músicas o la arquitectura que se presenta. El protagonista real del texto es la muy particular espacialidad que pone en marcha este jardín (y la temporalidad que lo acompaña), así como el constante reenvío en el juego de huellas de sus (posibles) significados, que se diseminan en los distintos medios.Publication Urban Morphology and Housing Stock Granularity A Cross-Scalar Analysis(ESSD, 2023-12-31) Kayatekin, Cem; Uribe, Lorenzo; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Do urban morphological parameters trickle down to impact the diversity and granularity of a district’s housing stock? Do urban morphological parameters impact housing rental values? These are the main questions underpinning this mixed-method study of four districts across Madrid and Barcelona—two districts developed in a bottom-up manner and exhibiting high morphological heterogeneity, and two developed in a top-down manner and exhibiting high morphological homogeneity. The large-scale statistical analyses conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 via the course of this research delves into the cross-district variations and commonalities of residential values, dwelling unit sizes, plot sizes, block sizes, and street widths. Three findings of import are uncovered—(1) possessing an intricate urban-morphological (or housing stock) granularity does not come hand-in-hand with having high urban morphological (or housing stock) diversity; (2) despite not possessing a higher diversity of urban morphological elements, the bottom-up districts still behaved as slightly-divergent and more-affordable real estate bubbles when compared to the top-down neighborhoods; and (3) across all the districts examined, smaller-scale plots consistently supported more than their expected share of smaller-scale dwelling units.