Person: Gabaldón, Patricia
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Patricia
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Gabaldón
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IE University
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IE Business School
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Economics
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Publication Women Directors and Corporate Social Performance: An Integrative Review of the Literature and a Future Research Agenda(Springer Nature, 2022-01-17) Campopiano, Giovanna; Gabaldón, Patricia; Gimenez Jimenez, Daniela; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This paper presents a literature review offering a thorough and critical systematization of articles investigating the influence of women directors on corporate social performance (CSP). We review the state-of-the-art literature in terms of its key assumptions, theories, and conceptualization of CSP. Our analysis shows a misfit between the theorization and operationalization of gender diversity, especially in quantitative empirical studies, which represent the majority of articles. In our overview of both conceptual and empirical studies, we identified three main theoretical dimensions, which are contingent upon board-level and institution-level dimensions. Based on our proposed framework, we call for future researchers to focus on novel research questions and innovative research designs to investigate women’s contributions to CSP and challenge the theoretical assumptions about the role of women on boards.Publication La importancia de la diversidad de género en las empresas innovadoras un análisis del caso español(Ministerio de Economía, Comercio y Empresa, 2020-02-27) Gabaldón, Patricia; Gimenez Jimenez, Daniela; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75En esta investigación examinamos cómo la diversidad de género influye en las decisiones sobre la innovación en equipos que trabajan con I+D en España. Utilizando el panel de datos de la encuesta PITEC durante el período 2008 a 2016 realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), los resultados de la investigación ponen de manifiesto como la diversidad de género en estos equipos investigadores tiene un impacto positivo pero limitado sobre la innovación de servicios. Estos resultados demuestran que la incorporación de mujeres en innovación puede ayudar a fomentar la equidad de género en las organizaciones a la vez que incrementa su innovación.Publication Shades of Power Network Links with Gender Quotas and Corporate Governance Codes(Wiley, 2021-01-12) Gabaldón, Patricia; Mateos de Cabo, Ruth; Grau, Pilar; Gimeno, Ricardo; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This study analyses the impact of political and regulatory pressures to increase the influence of women within the European board of directors’ network. To accomplish this, we used a longitudinal approach, tracking two centrality measures of a European directors’ network from 1999 to 2014. The network comprised publicly listed firms in 37 European countries, resulting in an extensive sample of 71,300 directors, of which around 10% were women. Governments promoting gender diversity in leadership positions have focused on two solutions: a slow track using voluntary approaches versus a fast track pushing for binding legislation. The panel data analysis shows how voluntary approaches to promote gender diversity, as implemented through corporate governance codes, have a positive and significant relationship with the ‘closeness’ of women to other directors in the network (i.e. their access to information). In contrast, binding legislation, such as gender quotas, increases women's role as unique ‘bridges’ between sub-networks – a result that serves to heighten their ‘betweenness’ centrality (i.e. their control over information).Publication La mujer emprendedora en el turismo rural peculiaridades del caso costarricense a través de la revisión bibliográfica(Universidad de Murcia, 2020-12-16) Gabaldón, Patricia; Gutiérrez Cruz, Merlyn; Such Devesa, María Jesús; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Este artículo analiza el fenómeno de la mujer emprendedora en el turismo rural en Costa Rica, enmarcándola en el contexto latinoamericano y en el de las emprendedoras rurales. A partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se define el perfil de las empresarias, sus motivaciones y las barreras que enfrentan. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto las importantes similitudes entre las emprendedoras turísticas rurales costarricenses con el resto de las emprendedoras en Latinoamérica y del mundo. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento de las emprendedoras dentro del marco del turismo rural, esencial para el desarrollo económico del país.Publication Factores del entorno empresarial que condicionan la actividad de las micropymes femeninas de turismo rural en Costa Rica(UCOPress, 2023-06-30) Gabaldón, Patricia; Gutiérrez Cruz, Merlyn; Such Devesa, María Jesús; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Este estudio analiza los factores del entorno empresarial que influyen en la actividad de las micropymesturísticas rurales dirigidas por mujeres en Rica. Basándonos en la teoría institucional, se seleccionaron elementos institucionales formales (capital humano, barreras burocráticas, financiación, apoyo gubernamental) e informales (códigos de conducta, normas sociales, papel familiar) que influyen en la actividad empresarial femenina. Se realizó un análisis comparativo cualitativo difuso (fsQCA) a una muestra de 28 mujeres empresarias turísticas rurales costarricenses para conocer las interacciones entre dichos factores que afectan a la generación de ganancias. Los resultados de la investigación revelan cinco configuraciones diferentes que conducen a bajas o nulas ganancias en la actividad empresarial femenina. Los factores formales (barreras burocráticas y bajos niveles de capital humano), combinados con la presencia o la ausencia de otros factores institucionales tanto formales como informales representan una condición crítica vinculada con la baja o nula generación de ganancias. Las implicaciones teóricas de esta investigación contribuyen al conocimiento de los elementos institucionales formales e informales que afectan el crecimiento de las empresas dirigidas por mujeres en el sector turístico rural costarricense, y en las implicaciones prácticas, contribuye al fortalecimiento de la actividad empresarial femenina.Publication The female entrepreneur in rural tourism: Peculiarities of the costa rican case through the review of literature(Universidad de Murcia, 2020) Gutiérrez Cruz, Merlyn ; Such Devesa, María Jesús ; Gabaldón, Patricia; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75[No abstract available]Publication Factores de éxito en el emprendimiento femenino turístico rural en Costa Rica(Universidad de Alicante, 2021-07-15) Gabaldón, Patricia; Gutiérrez Cruz, Merlyn; Such Devesa, María Jesús; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This research article aims to define the profile of Costa Rican women entrepreneurs in the rural tourism sector and to determine whether their characteristics and those of their ventures are related to their performance. A mixed methodology has been adopted based on semi-structured and in-depth interviews. The results highlight the importance of family support and contact networks as essential elements for the development of successful enterprises. Family and networks provide two essential elements for the success of women entrepreneurs: access to finance and the formalization of their business. It is particularly important to point out the contribution of this research to the under-studied field of rural entrepreneurs, given their contributions to reducing poverty for which access to information has traditionally been very limited.Publication The board gender diversity imitation game: Uncovering the resistant boards that refuse to play(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Mateos de Cabo, Ruth; Gimeno, Ricardo; Grau, Pilar; Gabaldón, Patricia; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Research question/issue: This study examines the influence of group behavior on board gender diversity and identifies obstacles to its diffusion. It investigates whether boards are influenced by group behavior in determining their gender composition and explores barriers that impede the diffusion process. Research findings/insights: Analyzing a network of over 18,000 US-listed boards observed over 20 years,we find a pattern of mimetic behavior,whereby boards imitate the proportion of women on boards (WoB) among their directly tied boards. We also identify resistant firms with low representation of women on their boards. Our findings suggest that,among those boards,there are heavily male-dominated boards resisting the appointment of women,even when surrounded by women directors among their tied boards. The diffusion of board gender diversity is slowed down by these resistant boards,hindering the overall progress in increasing gender diversity within the board network. Theoretical/academic implications: This research contributes insights into group behavior and resistance in board gender diversity. Adopting a network theory lens,our study sheds light on interactions between firms and their connected companies in terms of imitation practices. Drawing on social identity theory,we highlight the significance of the resistance to increasing women's representation exhibited by some boards. Practitioner/policy implications: Resistant boards,despite group pressure,slow down the diffusion of board gender diversity within the network,leading to overall stagnation. Understanding the sources of resistance allows an exploration of alternative measures to promote diversity without rigid mandates. © 2024 The Authors. Corporate Governance: An International Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Publication Awakenings: An authentic leadership development program to break the glass ceiling(MDPI AG, 2021) Martínez Martínez, Miryam; Molina López, Manuel ; Cabo, Ruth Mateos de; González Pérez, Susana; Izquierdo, Gregorio; Gabaldón, Patricia; Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Universidad San Pablo - CEU; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Companies are vital agents in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. One key role that businesses can play in achieving the 5th Sustainable Development Goal on gender equality is implementing training programs for their women executives so they can reach top corporate leadership positions. In this paper,we test the effectiveness of an Authentic Leadership Development (ALD) program for women executives. By interviewing 32 participants from this ALD program and building on authentic leadership theory,we find that this program lifts women participants’ self-efficacy perception,as well as their self-resolution to take control of their careers. The driver for both results is a reflective thinking process elicited during the program that leads women to abandon the stereotype of a low status role and lack of self-direction over time. Through the relational authenticity developed during the program,women participants develop leadership styles that are more congenial with their gender group,yet highly accepted by the in-group leader members,which enhances their social capital. After the program,the women participants flourished as authentic leaders,were able to activate and foster their self-esteem and social capital,and enhanced their agency in career advancement,increasing their likelihood of breaking the glass ceiling. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI,Basel,Switzerland.Publication Gender diversity on corportate boards: directors' perceptions of board functioning and gender quotas(Virtus Interpress, 2023) Arnardottir, Audur Arna; Sigurjonsson, Throstur Olaf; Gabaldón, Patricia; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This research explores how increased gender diversity on corporate boards in Iceland,driven by applying a ?hard? public policy,i.e.,board gender quota legislation,has affected post-quota board directors‘ perceptions of board functioning. This study falls into the growing literature on board diversity (Boshanna,2021; Li et al.,2020). Directors‘ opinions towards board decision-making and monitoring activities are researched,as well as their effect on corporate governance practices. A survey was answered by 244 board directors in Iceland. Results show that the initial attitude towards gender quotas was more negative among male directors than female directors but became more similar and positive over time. Strong support is found for increased female board participation leading to different viewpoints being discussed at the board table in addition to better decision-making. A similar picture emerges regarding the behavior of holding chief executive officers (CEOs) accountable and being more focused on corporate governance practices. These results were significantly the view of female directors and directors chairing the assessed board. Male directors are more negative than their female counterparts about the short-term effect of increased female participation is having on board dynamics. This research indicates that a gender quota has led to increased female board participation in addition to impacting decision-making corporate norms,according to directors,as policymakers intended. © 2023 The Authors.