Person:
Jain, Kriti

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Kriti
Last Name
Jain
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IE University
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IE Business School
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Human Resources and Organisational Behaviour
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2015 - 20162
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End date: 2019 × Start date: 2015 ×

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    Diurnal preference predicts phase differences in expression of human peripheral circadian clock genes
    (BioMed Central Ltd., 2015) Ferrante, Andrew; Gellerman, David; Ay, Ahmet; Woods, Kerri; Filipowicz, Allan; Bearden, Neil; Ingram, Kristian Kenyon; Jain, Kriti; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75
    Background: Circadian rhythms play an integral role in human behavior,physiology and health. Individual differences in daily rhythms (chronotypes) can affect individual sleep-wake cycles,activity patterns and behavioral choices. Diurnal preference,the tendency towards morningness or eveningness among individuals,has been associated with interpersonal variation in circadian clock-related output measures,including body temperature,melatonin levels and clock gene mRNA in blood,oral mucosa,and dermal fibroblast cell cultures. Methods: Here we report gene expression data from two principal clock genes sampled from hair follicle cells,a peripheral circadian clock. Hair follicle cells from fourteen individuals of extreme morning or evening chronotype were sampled at three time points. RNA was extracted and quantitative PCR assays were used to measure mRNA expression patterns of two clock genes,Per3 and Nr1d2. Results: We found significant differences in clock gene expression over time between chronotype groups,independent of gender or age of participants. Extreme evening chronotypes have a delay in phase of circadian clock gene oscillation relative to extreme morning types. Variation in the molecular clockwork of chronotype groups represents nearly three-hour phase differences (Per3: 2.61 hours; Nr1d2: 3.08 hours,both: 2.86) in circadian oscillations of these clock genes. Conclusions: The measurement of gene expression from hair follicles at three time points allows for a direct,efficient method of estimating phase shifts of a peripheral circadian clock in real-life conditions. The robust phase differences in temporal expression of clock genes associated with diurnal preferences provide the framework for further studies of the molecular mechanisms and gene-by-environment interactions underlying chronotype-specific behavioral phenomena,including social jetlag. © 2015 The Author(s).
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    Molecular insights into chronotype and time-of-day effects on decision-making
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2016) Ingram, Krista; Ay, Ahmet; Kwon, Soo Bin; Woods, Kerri; Escobar, Sue; Gordon, Molly; Smith, Isaac; Bearden, Neil; Filipowicz, Allan; Jain, Kriti; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75
    Recent reports highlight that human decision-making is influenced by the time of day and whether one is a morning or evening person (i.e.,chronotype). Here,we test whether these behavioral effects are associated with endogenous biological rhythms. We asked participants to complete two well-established decision-making tasks in the morning or evening: the matrix task (an ethical decision task) and the balloon analog risk task (BART; a risk-taking task),and we measured their chronotype in two ways. First,participants completed a self-report measure,the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Second,we measured the expression of two circadian clock-regulated genes - Per3 and Nr1d2 - from peripheral clock cells in participants' hair follicle samples. Using a cosinor model,we estimated the phase of the peripheral clock and assigned RNA chronotypes to participants with advanced (larks) or delayed (owls) phases. The behavioral data were analyzed independently for self-reported (MEQ) and RNA-based chronotypes. We find that significant chronotype and/or time-of-day effects between larks and owls in decision-making tasks occur only in RNA-based chronotypes. Our results provide evidence that time-of-day effects on decision-making can be explained by phase differences in oscillating clock genes and suggest that variation in the molecular clockwork may influence inter-individual differences in decision-making behavior.