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Browsing Research by Department "Information Systems & Technology"
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Publication A Universal Screening Tool for Dyslexia by a Web-Game and Machine Learning(Frontiers, 2022-01-03) Rello, Luz; Rauschenberge, Maria; Baeza Yates, Ricardo; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Children with dyslexia have difficulties learning how to read and write. They are often diagnosed after they fail school even if dyslexia is not related to general intelligence. Early screening of dyslexia can prevent the negative side effects of late detection and enables early intervention. In this context, we present an approach for universal screening of dyslexia using machine learning models with data gathered from a web-based language-independent game. We designed the game content taking into consideration the analysis of mistakes of people with dyslexia in different languages and other parameters related to dyslexia like auditory perception as well as visual perception. We did a user study with 313 children (116 with dyslexia) and train predictive machine learning models with the collected data. Our method yields an accuracy of 0.74 for German and 0.69 for Spanish as well as a F1-score of 0.75 for German and 0.75 for Spanish, using Random Forests and Extra Trees, respectively. We also present the game content design, potential new auditory input, and knowledge about the design approach for future research to explore Universal screening of dyslexia. universal screening with language-independent content can be used for the screening of pre-readers who do not have any language skills, facilitating a potential early intervention.Publication Autonomous Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models(Cornell University, 2024-06-25) Valogianni, Konstantina; Kepel, Daan; OpenAI Researcher Access Program; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Prompt engineering is a crucial yet challenging task for optimizing the performance of large language models (LLMs) on customized tasks. This pioneering research introduces the Automatic Prompt Engineering Toolbox (APET), which enables GPT-4 to autonomously apply prompt engineering techniques. By leveraging sophisticated strategies such as Expert Prompting, Chain of Thought, and Tree of Thoughts, APET empowers GPT-4 to dynamically optimize prompts, resulting in substantial improvements in tasks like Word Sorting (4.4% increase) and Geometric Shapes (6.8% increase). Despite encountering challenges in complex tasks such as Checkmate in One (-14.8%), these findings demonstrate the transformative potential of APET in automating complex prompt optimization processes without the use of external data. Overall, this research represents a significant leap in AI development, presenting a robust framework for future innovations in autonomous AI systems and highlighting the ability of GPT-4 to bring prompt engineering theory to practice. It establishes a foundation for enhancing performance in complex task performance and broadening the practical applications of these techniques in real-world scenarios.Publication Buyers’ Strategic Behavior in B2B Multichannel Auction Markets: When an Online Posted Price Channel Is Incorporated into a Dutch Auction System(Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences, 2022-11-15) Truong, Huong May; Gupta, Alok; Ketter, Wolfgang; van Heck, Eric; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Firms are increasingly adopting different sales channels to reach new potential buyers. Yet, extant research has mainly focused on business-to-customer (B2C) online and offline posted price channels. Business-to-business (B2B) multichannel and, especially, systems with multiple pricing mechanisms are largely underexplored. This paper investigates the strategic behaviors of B2B buyers in a unique system where an online posted price channel is incorporated into a Dutch auction market sequentially. We follow buyers’ purchasing paths and examine conditions under which B2B auction buyers will use the online posted price channel. We incorporate learning and experience and demonstrate how buyers’ behaviors evolve. We investigate an emerging group of buyers who use different price mechanisms and their surplus extraction activities. We further explore how the market flow changes when posted prices are incorporated. Our results, using an extensive data set from the world’s largest flower market, highlight the importance of quantity demand, product diversity, and experience in explaining the choice of the new posted price channel. We find a significantly higher average loss of surplus at the product level for multichannel buyers than for single channel buyers and a reduction in the number of small orders in the auction channel. Subsequently, theoretical and managerial implications for B2B multichannel markets and market design are discussed.Publication Causal ABMs: Learning Plausible Causal Models using Agent-based Modeling(SSRN, 2022-08-15) Valogianni, Konstantina; Padmanabhan, Balaji; Qiu, Liangfei; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75We present Causal ABM, a methodology to derive causal structures describing complex underlying behavioral phenomena. Agent-based models (ABMs) have powerful advantages for causal modeling that have not been explored sufficiently. Unlike traditional causal estimation approaches which often result in “one best” causal structure that is learned, two properties of ABMs - equifinality (the ability of different sets of conditions or model representations to yield the same outcome) and mutlifinality (the same ABM might yield different outcomes) - can be exploited to learn multiple diverse “plausible causal models” from data. Using an illustrative example of news sharing on social networks we show how this idea can be applied to learn such causal sets. We also show how genetic algorithms can be used as a estimation technique to learn multiple plausible causal models from data due to their parallel search structure. However, significant computational challenges remain before this can be generally applied, and we, therefore, highlight specific key issues that need to be addressed in future work.Publication ‘Cloud Security’: cómo migrar datos a la nube minimizando riesgos(Harvard Deusto, 2020) Arenas, Álvaro; Aparicio, Fernando; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Las organizaciones están migrando a los servicios en la nube (también conocidos como ‘cloud computing’), algunas con más cautela que otras, conscientes de los riesgos de seguridad inherentes no solo a lo que se refiere a la computación ‘cloud’, sino también al propio proceso de migración. En este artículo exponemos los usos y ventajas para el márketing de la migración a la nube, los principales desafíos que plantea este proceso y cómo debemos abordar una estrategia segura de ‘cloud computing’Publication Does Sharing Economy Have a Moral Capital? Comparing Semantic Networks in Social Media and News Media(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2021-05-13) Ravindran, Kiron; Colleoni, Elanor; Elanor, Colleoni; Nuccio, Ludovico; Illia, Laura; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Sharing Economy organizations appear to enjoy positive moral capital associated with supporting local entrepreneurs, the economy, and the environment. However, they operate in a regulatory limbo allowing them to engage in business practices that would not be permitted in other sectors. Hence a question remains: Does Sharing Economy (SE) have a moral capital? To explore whether the sharing economy has a moral capital, we explored the discussions around Uber after a number of scandals in 2017 in news media and on Twitter. Our findings show that news media play a critical role in developing and maintaining a positive moral capital of Uber, while the general public on Twitter tend to be more negative and do not afford SE much moral capital.Publication Educational reinforcement measures in literacy: the case of the Dyslexia Aid program in the Comunidad de Madrid(Gobierno de Espana Secretaria de Estado de Comercio, 2021) Sevilla, Almudena; Cuevas Ruiz, Pilar; Sanz, Ismael; Rello, Luz; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75In this article,we evaluate the Dyslexia Aid program of the Community of Madrid in the 2018-2019 academic year,aimed at primary school students with reading and writing difficulties. The program consists of two tools: a) a test to check students who have literacy difficulties and b) up to 42,000 exercises on a digital platform to work and reinforce these skills. 7.55 % (n = 1,022) of the students had reading and writing difficulties. The results of the analysis show that there is no correlation between the participation of the school in the program and the performance of the students at these schools in the external and standardized tests of Mathematics and Language,but there is in the case of English. When disaggregating the results by gender,a strong and positive association of the Dyslexia Help project is observed for girls in Language arts and English (and,as one might expect,not so much in Mathematics),while for boys it is only significant in English. However,schools that participate in this intervention have better results and students from a higher socio-economic background. The different characteristics of the schools could explain their participation,which was voluntary,in the Dyslexia Aid program. The future line of research proposes to exploit through a differences-in-differences analysis that there has been a new call for the program in the 2021-2022 academic year,in which new schools have been incorporated. © 2021,Gobierno de Espana Secretaria de Estado de Comercio. All rights reserved.Publication Facilitating a Sustainable Electric Vehicle Transition through Consumer Utility Driven Pricing(International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), 2018-12) Valogianni, Konstantina; Ketter, Wolfgang; Zhdanov, Dmitry; Collins, John; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75A transition to an electrified transportation system is widely assumed to be an important step along the road to environmental sustainability. However, large penetrations of electric vehicles (EVs) may put electricity grids under critical strain, since peaks in electricity demand are likely to increase radically. Efforts to manage demand peaks through pricing schemes may create new peaks at low-price periods, if large numbers of EV owners try to benefit from low prices. We propose a pricing method, called consumer utility driven pricing, which learns from EV owners’ reactions to sub-optimal prices and adjusts announced prices accordingly. We evaluate our results in simulations, where we find that consumer utility driven pricing outperforms current electricity pricing schemes. We test our method in matching both flat and extremely volatile demand profiles and we see that in both cases it performs closely to what it is theoretically possible under perfect information.Publication Heterogeneous Electric Vehicle Charging Coordination: A Variable Charging Speed Approach(2019-01-08) Valogianni, Konstantina; Ketter, Wolfgang ; Collins, John; Adomavicius, Gediminas; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75We present a coordination mechanism that reduces peak demand coming from EV charging, supports grid stability and environmental sustainability. The proposed mechanism accounts for individual commuting preferences, as well as desired states of charge by certain deadlines, which can serve as a proxy for range anxiety. It can shape EV charging toward a desired profile, without violating individual preferences. Our mechanism mitigates herding, which is typical in populations where all agents receive the same price signals and make similar charging decisions. Furthermore, it assumes no prior knowledge about EV customers and therefore learns preferences and reactions to prices dynamically. We show through simulations that our mechanism induces a less volatile demand and lower peaks compared to currently used benchmarks.Publication How does IT affect design centricity approaches: Evidence from Spain’s smart tourism ecosystem(Elsevier, 2019-04) Arenas, Álvaro; Goh, Jie Mein; Urueña, Alberto; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Little or no prior work has examined how information technology enables the development of a design centered digital ecosystem. To examine this research question, we employ a capabilities lens and identify the pathways through which IT drives the development of a design centric smart tourism ecosystem. We analyzed archival data and data collected from interviews conducted in Spain, a country which has embarked on smart destinations projects and topped the World Economic Forum’s Travel and Competitiveness Index. From our analysis, we delineate and identify specific IT-enabled capabilities important for a country implementing smart tourism projects. We find that many of the IT resources available help develop key capabilities necessary for creating a design centric smart tourism ecosystem.Publication How To Keep Your Information Secure Toward A Better Understanding Of Users Security Behavior(Elsevier, 2024-01) Arenas, Álvaro; Ray, Guatam; Hidalgo, Antonio; Urueña, Alberto; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Use of computers and the Internet is an integral part of our lives, with business becoming more digital. As a result, individuals are using their home computers to perform diverse tasks and to store sensitive data. This paper investigates the relative efficacy of two strategies to protect home computers from security threats: security tools and security activities. For the analysis, we collected data from over 1900 individuals in Spain, following an approach combining self- reported data, via an online survey, with actual data collected directly from home users' computers. The main contribution of the paper is to provide a model, based on routine activity theory, explaining the role of security tools and security activities in protecting personal computers from malware infection, thus offering an in-depth understanding of users' security behavior. Using multivariate, logit and probit regressions, our study reveals that having security tools is positively related with higher risk activities and more infections, while pursuing security activities reduces malware infections. These results have important implications for policy makers and organizations, reinforcing the view that security tools are not sufficient to protect users from malware infection, and the need to develop security education and awareness programs for computer users.Publication Identifying the business model dimensions of data sharing: A value-based approach(Wiley, 2019-01-22) Arenas, Álvaro ; Goh, Jie Mein; Matthews, Brian; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This study aimed to investigate the underlying business model of organizations that have data sharing at the core of their activities. Previous work has stressed that data-sharing projects need to be sustainable in the long term, and highlighted the need for a deeper understanding of the operation model of existing data-sharing initiatives. To investigate this important issue, we took a qualitative approach to uncover the dynamics of value creation in data sharing. Using a case study method, we examined two data-sharing sites across different areas. We conducted semistructured interviews with managers from data centers and other stakeholders, and reviewed documents about the technical and managerial practices to determine the main characteristics of their business models. In addition, we applied the e3-value modeling methodology to tease out the value flows within each site. Our findings demonstrated the importance of the value network dimension of a business model, as data sharing relies on a set of actors creating and getting value in the process, and the significance of intangible assets. The main contributions of this study include extending current understanding on data-sharing business models by analyzing key dimensions, and uncovering how value is created and transferred in data sharing.Publication Impact of digital leadership capability on innovation performance: The role of platform digitization capability(Elsevier, 2022-03) Benitez, Jose; Arenas, Álvaro; Castillo, Ana; Esteves, José; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Following a mixed-methods approach, we theorized that digital leadership influences innovation performance by digitalizing the firm's platform. A multiple case study of ten companies was deployed to derive a theoretical model relating digital leadership and innovation performance. The resulting model was empirically tested on a sample of 117 European firms. We find that digital leadership improves a firm's innovation performance by digitalizing the firm's platform. We contribute to IS research by theoretically developing the concepts of digital leadership capability and platform digitization capability and empirically analyzing the relationship of these two critical IT capabilities and their impact on innovation performance.Publication Improving Reading Through Videogames and Digital Apps: A Systematic Review(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Ostiz Blanco, Mikel; Bernacer, Javier; García Arbizu, Irati; Díaz Sánchez, Patricia; Lallier, Marie; Arrondo, Gonzalo; Rello, Luz; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad de Navarra; Fundación Caja Navarra; Fundación Banco Sabadell; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Background: The use of electronic interventions to improve reading is becoming a common resource. This systematic review aims to describe the main characteristics of randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies that have used these tools to improve first-language reading,in order to highlight the features of the most reliable studies and guide future research. Methods: The whole procedure followed the PRISMA guidelines,and the protocol was registered before starting the process (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/CKM4N). Searches in Scopus,PubMed,Web of Science and an institutional reference aggregator (Unika) yielded 6,230 candidate articles. After duplicate removal,screening,and compliance of eligibility criteria,55 studies were finally included. Results: They were research studies on improving first-language reading,both in children and adults,and including a control group. Thirty-three different electronic tools were employed,most of them in English,and studies were very diverse in sample size,length of intervention,and control tasks. Risk of bias was analyzed with the PEDro scale,and all studies had a medium or low risk. However,risk of bias due to conflicts of interest could not be evaluated in most studies,since they did not include a statement on this issue. Conclusion: Future research on this topic should include randomized intervention and control groups,with sample sizes over 65 per group,interventions longer than 15 h,and a proper disclosure of possible conflicts of interest. Systematic Review Registration: The whole procedure followed the PRISMA guidelines,and the protocol was registered before starting the process in the Open Science Framework (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/CKM4N). © Copyright © 2021 Ostiz-Blanco,Bernacer,Garcia-Arbizu,Diaz-Sanchez,Rello,Lallier and Arrondo.Publication Information Systems Research for Smart Sustainable Mobility: A Framework and Call for Action(Informs, 2023-09-03) Ketter, Wolfgang; Schroer, Karsten; Valogianni, Konstantina; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Transportation is a backbone of modern globalized societies. It also causes approximately one third of all European Union and U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, represents a major health hazard for global populations, and poses significant economic costs (e.g., due to traffic congestion). However, rapid innovation in vehicle technology, mobile connectivity, computing hardware, and artificial intelligence–powered information systems heralds a deep socio-technical transformation of the sector. The emergence of connected, autonomous, shared, and electric vehicle technology has created a digital layer that resides on top of the traditional physical mobility system. The resulting layered modular architecture is similar to that seen in other cyber-physical systems. Yet, it also comes with several characteristics and challenges that are unique to the domain of mobility and require entirely new solution approaches. Although other management and domain-specific research disciplines have started to embrace the new opportunities for research resulting from this deep structural change, the information systems (IS) community’s involvement in smart mobility research has been marginal. Yet, we argue that our field’s uniquely multidisciplinary, data-driven, and socio-technical research lens puts it in a strong position to address many of the large-scale societal challenges encountered in the mobility sector. Therefore, we make the case for IS research to play an active role in delivering a smart sustainable mobility ecosystem that is beneficial to users, mobility providers and the environment. We contribute a research framework to direct IS research efforts while providing a shared understanding of the smart sustainable mobility domain. We also present seven IS research opportunities along the dimensions of this framework and propose concrete angles of attack which we hope will spur an impactful and structured research agenda in the area.Publication Integrating learning styles and adaptive e-learning system: Current developments, problems and opportunities(Elsevier, 2016-02) Truong, Huong May; European Commissions; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Learning styles which refer to students’ preferred ways to learn can play an important role in adaptive e-learning systems. With the knowledge of different styles, the system can offer valuable advice and instructions to students and teachers to optimise students’ learning process. Moreover, e-leaning system which allows computerised and statistical algorithms opens the opportunity to overcome drawbacks of the traditional detection method that uses mainly questionnaire. These appealing reasons have led to a growing number of researches looking into the integration of learning styles and adaptive learning system. This paper, by reviewing 51 studies, delves deeply into different parts of the integration process. It captures a variety of aspects from learning styles theories selection in e-learning environment, online learning styles predictors, automatic learning styles classification to numerous learning styles applications. The results offer insights into different developments, achievements and open problems in the field. Based on these findings, the paper also provides discussion, recommendations and guidelines for future researches.Publication IT value creation in public sector: how IT-enabled capabilities mitigate tradeoffs in public organisations(Taylor & Francis, 2020-01-06) Goh, Jie Mein; Arenas, Álvaro; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Governments today are striving to improve services in the public sector through digital transformation programs but face tremendous pressures from multiple fronts (economy, national security, healthcare, education, etc.). Even when worldwide enterprise IT spending for the government and education markets has been increasing and is expected to surpass $652 billion in 2023 to cater to such transformation programs, 80% of the government transformation efforts failed to achieve expected results. A plausible reason for this lacklustre performance could be the presence of tradeoffs or conflicts that is particularly salient in public organisations. To better understand the mechanisms by which IT enables or inhibits capabilities of the public organisations in attaining public value, we adopt a conflict resolution lens to study how information technology (IT) enabled capabilities to mitigate these tradeoffs. Using a dataset collected from public organisations in a European country unreeling from a financial crisis, we examine the processes by which IT enables public organisations to manage the tradeoffs arising from conflicting value-based goals. We identify three mitigation strategies facilitated via IT-enabled organisational capabilities – bias, tunnelling and hybridisation. This paper contributes to the understanding of how IT mitigates value-based tradeoffs in public organisations to achieve public value.Publication Lucy and the Chocolate Factory: Warehouse Robotics and Worker Safety(SSRN, 2023-03-20) Ravindran, Kiron; Burtch, Gordon; Greenwood, Brad; European Union’s Erasmus+; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75We examine the implications of robotics for warehouse worker safety. While warehouse automation has the potential to reduce injuries by eliminating high-risk tasks, it may also increase injuries among remaining non-automated tasks, due to reduced task variety and an accelerated pace of work. Our findings provide evidence of both effects: warehouse robotics are associated with a 40% decrease in severe injuries but a 77% increase in non-severe injuries. We provide subsequent evidence that the rise in non-severe injuries is at least partially attributable to the increased pace of work at robotics facilities. The implications of our findings for regulators, policymakers, workers, and firms are discussed within.Publication Machine learning approaches to understand IT outsourcing portfolios(Springer, 2023-01-10) Ravindran, Kiron; Lu, Yingda; Susarla, Anjana; Mani, Deepa; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75The outsourcing of IT services poses a conundrum to the traditional theories of the firm. While there are many prescriptive sourcing metrics that are geared towards the evaluation of tangible and measurable aspects of vendors and clients, much of the information that is traditionally important in making such decisions is unstructured. To address this challenge, we train and apply our own NLP model based on deep learning methods using doc2vec, which allows users to create semi-supervised methods for representation of words. We find two novel constructs, vendor–client alignment and vendor–task alignment, that shape partner selection and the alternatives faced by clients in IT outsourcing, as opposed to agency or transaction cost considerations alone. Our method suggests that NLP and machine learning approaches provide additional insight, over and above traditionally understood variables in academic literature and trade and industry press, about the difficult-to-elicit aspects of vendor–client interaction.Publication Medidas educativas de refuerzo en lectoescritura el caso del programa de Ayuda a la Dislexia en la Comunidad de Madrid(Ministerio de economia comercio y empresa, 2021-11-30) Rello, Luz; Sevilla, Almudena; Cuevas Ruiz, Pilar; Sanz, Ismael; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75En este artículo evaluamos el programa de Ayuda a la Dislexia de la Comunidad de Madrid en el curso 2018-2019 dirigido a alumnos de primaria con dificultades lectoescritoras. El programa consiste en dos herramientas: a) una prueba para comprobar los alumnos que presentan dificul-tades de lectoescritura, y b) hasta 42.000 ejercicios en una plataforma digital para trabajar y re-forzar esas competencias. Un 7,55 % (n=1,022) de los alumnos presentaban dificultades lectoes-critoras. Los resultados del análisis muestran que no existe correlación entre la participación del centro en el programa y el rendimiento de los alumnos de esos colegios en las pruebas externas y estandarizadas de Matemáticas y Lengua, pero sí para el caso de Inglés. Al desglosar los resulta-dos por género, se observa una asociación fuerte y positiva del proyecto Ayuda a la Dislexia para las chicas en Lengua e Inglés (y, como se podría esperar, no tanto en Matemáticas), mientras quepara los chicos solo es significativa en Inglés. No obstante, se ha comprobado que los centrosque participan en esta intervención tenían mejores resultados que los centros no tratados y que sus alumnos provienen de un entorno socioeconómico más elevado. Las diferentes características delos colegios tratados podrían explicar su participación, que era voluntaria, en el programade Ayuda a la Dislexia. La línea de investigación futura plantea explotar a través de un análisis de diferencias en diferencias que ha habido una nueva convocatoria del programa en el curso 2021-2022, en la que se han incorporado nuevos centros educativos para analizar si existe causalidad.