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Publication Integrating learning styles and adaptive e-learning system: Current developments, problems and opportunities(Elsevier, 2016-02) Truong, Huong May; European Commissions; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Learning styles which refer to students’ preferred ways to learn can play an important role in adaptive e-learning systems. With the knowledge of different styles, the system can offer valuable advice and instructions to students and teachers to optimise students’ learning process. Moreover, e-leaning system which allows computerised and statistical algorithms opens the opportunity to overcome drawbacks of the traditional detection method that uses mainly questionnaire. These appealing reasons have led to a growing number of researches looking into the integration of learning styles and adaptive learning system. This paper, by reviewing 51 studies, delves deeply into different parts of the integration process. It captures a variety of aspects from learning styles theories selection in e-learning environment, online learning styles predictors, automatic learning styles classification to numerous learning styles applications. The results offer insights into different developments, achievements and open problems in the field. Based on these findings, the paper also provides discussion, recommendations and guidelines for future researches.Publication Buyers’ Strategic Behavior in B2B Multichannel Auction Markets: When an Online Posted Price Channel Is Incorporated into a Dutch Auction System(Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences, 2022-11-15) Truong, Huong May; Gupta, Alok; Ketter, Wolfgang; van Heck, Eric; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Firms are increasingly adopting different sales channels to reach new potential buyers. Yet, extant research has mainly focused on business-to-customer (B2C) online and offline posted price channels. Business-to-business (B2B) multichannel and, especially, systems with multiple pricing mechanisms are largely underexplored. This paper investigates the strategic behaviors of B2B buyers in a unique system where an online posted price channel is incorporated into a Dutch auction market sequentially. We follow buyers’ purchasing paths and examine conditions under which B2B auction buyers will use the online posted price channel. We incorporate learning and experience and demonstrate how buyers’ behaviors evolve. We investigate an emerging group of buyers who use different price mechanisms and their surplus extraction activities. We further explore how the market flow changes when posted prices are incorporated. Our results, using an extensive data set from the world’s largest flower market, highlight the importance of quantity demand, product diversity, and experience in explaining the choice of the new posted price channel. We find a significantly higher average loss of surplus at the product level for multichannel buyers than for single channel buyers and a reduction in the number of small orders in the auction channel. Subsequently, theoretical and managerial implications for B2B multichannel markets and market design are discussed.Publication I Wasn’t Expecting That: How Engaging with Digital Platforms Can Turn Leisure Passion into Entrepreneurial Aspirations(Elsevier, 2023-11) Cutolo, Donato; Grimaldi, Rosa; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Online digital platforms are rapidly emerging as new avenues for business activities,opening up a plethora of opportunities for aspiring entrepreneurs. These platforms offer a range of resources and incentives that empower passionate users to showcase and cultivate their skills within online communities, creating a platform for these users to transform into producers and entrepreneurs in the digital economy. However, existing research on entrepreneurial passion has neglected the role of leisure passion in shaping entrepreneurial aspirations. This study explores this relationship by analyzing the activities of 20,538 users on YTTalk forum, the largest digital community for YouTubers, from September 2011 through March 2020. Leveraging the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software, we propose a novel methodological approach that utilizes language to infer passion. Our findings reveal leisure passion is not directly conducive to entrepreneurship, yet entrepreneurial aspirations materialize when passionate users become cognizant of the positive attention and recognition they receive from other users on the platform, providing them with the impetus to monetize their content and harness the value they generate for others.Publication Now it Makes More Sense: How Narratives Can Help Atypical Actors Increase Market Appeal(Sage Journals, 2023-02-06) Cutolo, Donato; Ferriani, Simone; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Extensive research shows that atypical actors who defy established contextual standards and norms are subject to skepticism and face a higher risk of rejection. Indeed, atypical actors combine features, behaviors, or products in unconventional ways, thereby generating confusion and instilling doubts about their legitimacy. Nevertheless, atypicality is often viewed as a precursor to sociocultural innovation and a strategy to expand the capacity to deliver valued goods and services. Contextualizing the conditions under which atypicality is celebrated or punished has been a significant theoretical challenge for organizational scholars interested in reconciling this tension. Thus far, scholars have focused primarily on audience-related factors or actors’ characteristics (e.g., status and reputation). Here, we explore how atypical actors can leverage linguistic features of their narratives to counteract evaluative discounts by analyzing a unique collection of 78,758 narratives from crafters on Etsy, the largest digital marketplace for handmade items. Marrying processing fluency theory with linguistics literature and relying on a combination of topic modeling, automated textual analysis, and econometrics, we show that categorically atypical producers who make more use of abstraction, cohesive cues, and conventional topics in their narratives are more likely to overcome the evaluative discounts they would ordinarily experience.Publication Untitled(Harvard Business, 2023-10-19) Cutolo, Donato; Ferriani, Simone; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Imagine you are an entrepreneur who loves to challenge the status quo. You’ve just come up with a unique product you’re excited to share with the world, but you’re also worried that people won’t understand it. What should you do?Publication Confidence and the description–experience distinction(Elsevier, 2020-11) Lejarraga, José; Lejarraga, Tomás; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75In this paper, we extend the literature on the description–experience gap in risky choices by focusing on how the mode of learning—through description or experience—affects confidence. Specifically, we explore how learning through description or experience affects confidence in (1) the information gathered to make a decision and (2) the resulting choice. In two preregistered experiments we tested whether there was a description–experience gap in both dimensions of confidence. Learning from description was associated with higher confidence—both in the information gathered and in the choice made—than was learning from experience. In a third preregistered experiment, we examined the effect of sample size on confidence in decisions from experience. Contrary to the normative view that larger samples foster confidence in statistical inference, we observed that more experience led to less confidence. This observation is reminiscent of recent theories of deliberate ignorance, which highlight the adaptive benefits of deliberately limiting information search.Publication Dynamics of entrepreneurial well-being: Insights from computational theory(Elsevier, 2024-02) Pistrui, Joseph; Dimov, Dimo; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75We explore the dynamics of entrepreneurial performance and well-being through computational theory. Our model connects mechanisms of work-related motivation and strain processes with the unfolding of an entrepreneurial process. The simulation results show that how an entrepreneur’s energy ebbs and flows over their journey, charting certain venturing performance and levels of well-being, can be linked to distinct interplays of ambition, skill, self-regulation, and dynamism. Our work contributes a holistic account of entrepreneurship and well-being, stimulates computational modelling, and enriches discussions about the entrepreneurial future of work.Publication Leading a Successful Transition to Democracy: A Qualitative Analysis of Political Leadership in Spain and Lithuania(SAGE Journals, 2019-01-25) Kalpokas Matulaityte, Neringa; Radivojevic,Ivana; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Any country embarking upon a political transition to democracy faces a complex period of change. While many factors influence successful democratization, political leadership remains a relatively unexplored phenomenon. This research presents a theoretical framework that is corroborated with data gathered from 65 semi-structured interviews with people involved in the transition processes of Spain and Lithuania along with the main political leaders themselves: King Juan Carlos I, Adolfo Suárez, Algirdas Brazauskas and Vytautas Landsbergis. The four leaders presented a similar political leadership style – based on their vision, decision-making, negotiation and power – which positively influenced the success of each transition to democracy.Publication A Taxonomy for the Activist Environment: On Atmosphere and the Ad Hoc(Taylor & Francis, 2019-03-28) Goodman, David; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This essay identifies novel strategies for the activist mode of architectural thought and production, strategies that suggest a shift from architectural activism as the authorless production of events and artifacts to the production of authored environments and atmospheres. I develop this taxonomy in part by drawing on the disagreement between American art critics Clement Greenberg and Harold Rosenberg over the status and objectives of what would be come to be called action painting. The goal of this taxonomic approach is to propose strategies through which a socially engaged architecture might generate authored physical atmospheres, transcending the domain of authorless processes, actions and ad hoc artifacts increasingly common today.Publication Quantitative Methods for Architecture Research: Lessons from the Social Sciences(Taylor & Francis, 2020-04-14) Goodman, David; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Architectural research can benefit from quantitative research methods commonly used in the social sciences. Through a demonstration study of the relationship of health, wellbeing, ethnic diversity, and investment in the built environment, this article illustrates several such methods (e.g., exploratory factor analysis, logistic regression, and multiple linear regression) and their possible application to the study of the built environment. The social science techniques outlined here may prove useful in undertaking rigorous scholarship and in fostering greater exchange of findings and theoretical positions among scholars in the field.Publication The Role of Regulatory Focus on a Peer-Feedback Process: A Longitudinal Study with MBA Students(2021-12-15) Pastor, Juan Carlos; Baruffaldi, Laura; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75We investigated the role of regulatory focus on individuals’ reactions to feedback on leadership skills in the context of small learning teams. A total of 285 students participated in a peer-feedback assessment process twice during their MBA program. Results show that promotion-focused individuals evaluate themselves at higher levels and receive higher peer ratings of team leadership than do prevention-focused individuals. Interestingly, we also found that regulatory focus has a moderating effect on satisfaction with the feedback process and on leadership improvement. Promotion-focused individuals were equally satisfied with positive and negative feedback but improved their leadership ratings after receiving positive feedback (high peer ratings). In contrast, prevention-focused individuals showed satisfaction only with positive feedback and showed no improvement in their leadership skills regardless of the type of feedback. We include implications of results for research on regulatory focus and feedback, as well as their practical implications for leadership development.Publication Shifts in national entrepreneurial culture The promise of linguistic cultural artifacts and machine learning analysis(Wiley, 2024-11-15) Kyprianou, Christina; Vedula, Siddharth; Fitza, Markus; Pu,Wenxi; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Research Summary: We develop a dynamic view of national entrepreneurial culture by examining the linguistic evolution of media-produced cultural artifacts—entrepreneurship-related newspaper articles. Applying machine learning to 690,088 articles from 103 newspapers across the United States between 1996 and 2016, we identify a growing positivity bias toward entrepreneurship at the national level evidenced by rising emotional tone and declining analytical thinking. This bias varies by topic, with “entrepreneurial aspirations and journeys” driving the trend. Our analyses also suggest this bias may encourage the creation of new ventures but limit venture growth potential. We highlight theoretical and methodological contributions to research on national entrepreneurial culture and identify promising avenues for future research. Managerial Summary: We examine how a country's cultural attitudes toward entrepreneurship change over time by studying relevant newspaper articles. We also consider if any changes in such attitudes may have implications for the quantity and quality of a country's new ventures. After analyzing 690,088 articles from 103 newspapers across the United States between 1996 and 2016, we find a growing positivity bias toward entrepreneurship evidenced by increasing rates of positive tone and decreasing rates of analytical thinking. This bias is largest when media articles discuss entrepreneurial aspirations and journeys. Our analyses also suggest this bias may facilitate the creation of new ventures but limit their growth potential. These findings have implications for understanding and measuring national entrepreneurial culture, and create opportunities for future research.Publication Standing on Slippery Shoulders: An Analysis of Post Retraction Citation in Business and Management(2023-04-27) Gonzalez Mancebo, Samuel; García Romero, Antonio; Ortega, Carla; Alejo Concepción Perdomo, Manuel; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75The recognition mechanism by citing those who have influenced a new piece of research is considered the best way to guarantee scientific progress. The metaphor used by Sir Isaac Newton, "standing on the shoulders of giants," illustrate this mechanism. However, the increasing number of retractions and citations they receive reveal that, in some cases, scientists are standing on "slippery shoulders." Hence, it is relevant to explore the phenomena of post-retraction citations. Our study focuses on three research questions: i) time to retraction, ii) citations received by retracted papers, and iii) highly influential citations received the retractions. We answer these questions using a data set from Retraction Watch comprising 949 retractions in three Areas (Business & Management, Social Sciences, and Technology). First, we conduct an ANOVA analysis to find significant differences among the three areas. Later, we estimate three Poisson models to answer the three research questions. We discovered that retractions in Business & Management are published in more prestigious journals and by more prominent institutions than in the other two areas. From the models, we highlight that the journals' prestige positively affects the time to retraction, the post-retraction citations, and, more worryingly, the highly influential citations. Our results suggest that scientists seem to be unaware that some papers have been retracted. We suggest journals improve the procedure to prevent publishing papers citing retracted papers.Publication Within-firm Pay Inequality and Firm Performance(2022-03) De Vito, Antonio; Gómez, Juan Pedro; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Using a unique dataset with administrative information on over two million matched employeremployee-year observations in Italy over the 1994-2000 period, we examine the causal effect of a quasi-exogenous shock to within-firm pay inequality on firm performance. Consistent with the fair wage-effort hypothesis, pay dispersion increases among firms whose workers show lower sensitivity to pay inequality. These firms outperform similar firms whose workers show higher sensitivity to pay inequality. Our results unveil a shadow cost of relative wage concerns for firms and the potential adverse effects of imposing an ad hoc limit on firms’ pay dispersion.Publication Atypicality: Toward an Integrative Framework in Organizational and Market Settings(Academy of Management, 2023-11-14) Cutolo, Donato; Ferriani, Simone; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Research in management and organizational studies has emphasized the importance and the double-edged nature of (a)typicality. Organizational objects that are atypical within a context - in terms of features, characteristics, or behaviors- tend to generate skepticism and encourage rejection by eliciting confusion among relevant audiences, including investors, employees, customers, and partners. However, atypicality is also often cited as a vital source of competitive advantage, as atypical actors and products can attract significant attention, innovate, and even promote structural change in a field. While research aimed at reconciling this inconsistency has accumulated rapidly, this literature has remained fragmentary and scattered across several disciplines, resulting in mixed views, conceptualizations, and perspectives. In this article, we systematically reviewed 129 papers to advance a conceptual model that helps to establish a comprehensive organizational perspective on atypicality. We a) identify three perspectives on atypicality: cognitive, normative, and innovative, b) develop an integrative framework that elaborates on the sources, consequences, and boundary conditions of atypicality, and c) highlight avenues for future studies on this topic. We hope that this review on atypicality will encourage and inform future scholarship in this fascinating domain and elucidate novel opportunities for unleashing the generative potential of this important construct.Publication Look Who Is Talking … and Who Is Listening Finding an Integrative “We” Voice in Entrepreneurial Scholarship(2020-03-29) Pistrui, Joseph; Dimov, Dimo; Schaefer, Reiner; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This paper explores the relationship between the study of entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurs we study. While scholars typically adopt a detached, third-person stance for the purpose of explaining and predicting entrepreneurial action, entrepreneurs instead operate in a first-person stance of deciding what to do. The two stances cannot be reduced to one another. We argue that an engaged dialog—a second-person stance—can bring scholars and entrepreneurs together into a unifying practical decision-making perspective. By working to develop this integrative voice in scholarship, we can collapse the dualism of rigor and relevance.Publication Kinetic Thinking Styles: A tool for developing entrepreneurial thinking(2023-12) Pistrui, Joseph; DIMOV, Dimo; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75In this paper, we introduce a set of instructional tools (Kinetic Thinking Styles framework) focused on developing entrepreneurial thinking by stimulating metacognitive awareness and fostering learning environments that are conducive to metacognition. We provide an account of the development of the framework, including its conceptual underpinnings, synthesis of a map of thinking styles that can help us understand how thinking operates in entrepreneurial situations, and the design process for the creation of an assessment tool (mirror) of one’s thinking style. We illustrate how this suite of tools can be used in educational settings, including an example of a newly designed thinking tune-up course and a framework for understanding challenges for diverse learner populations.Publication Transaction Costs in Resource Redeployment for Multi-niche Firms(Informs PubsOnline, 2020-02-24) Giarratana, Marco; Santaló, Juan; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Transaction costs strongly influence diversification dynamics, as predicted by resource theory. A mainstream view links the profitability of diversification with the existence of transaction costs that prevent a firm from trading in fungible, scale-free resources. This study applies a neo-Penrosian perspective to transaction costs, with the notion that diversification may be driven by the redeployment of non-scale-free resources. An empirical analysis, using tax changes in the drink sector as a measure of exogenous demand variation, offers results consistent with the prediction that redeployment is particularly relevant when retailing is concentrated and single-product competition within a focal product niche (e.g., beer) is fragmented. This study also measures redeployment across a portfolio of a multiniche firm when changes in its sales-growth rates for a particular product niche might imply contrasting changes in other product niches. The resulting evidence is consistent with predictions that demand uncertainty, and transaction costs create viablePublication Resource partitioning and strategies in markets for technology(2018-07-25) Giarratana, Marco; Fosfuri, Andrea; Szilard Sebrek, Szabolcs; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75By bridging literature on resource partitioning and research on markets for technology, this article predicts that companies that pursue a broad (focused) product strategy buy more (less) technology in the market but sign fewer (more) deals as sellers. The proposed framework reveals that a thicker technology market increases the survival chances of both firms with focused product strategies and firms with broad product strategies; a misalignment between the product strategy and the strategies in the market for technology reduces those chances. To test these contentions, the authors consider a population of 736 firms that entered the security software industry between 1989 and 2002.Publication For Purpose Enterprises and Hybrid Organizational Forms: Implications for Governance and Strategy(2023-09-20) Pasquini, Martina; Giarratana, Marco; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Nowadays, a company’s social purpose has become a key factor that should be considered in organisational design and strategic decision-making. For-purpose enterprises are for-profit, financially self-sustained organisations, which embed a social aim as one of their main objectives. Companies that simultaneously must envisage a double purpose, namely, social and competitive, face an even greater complexity, i.e., a likely risk of internal logics’ tensions and structural drifts. Scholars have proposed different theoretical and operative frameworks; on the one hand, they describe ad hoc business models to foster synergies between the social impact and economic and competitive-oriented actions. On the other hand, they also try to focus on an organization’s governance, suggesting incentive schemes and organizational designs that could smooth trade-offs and tensions, which could jeopardize a company’s viability. This piece aims at building a comprehensive overview of the studies that, in different fields, have contributed to the understanding of businesses with purposes under different angles. Following Mitnick et al. (2021), scholars have differentiated two clusters of studies: i) instrumental–strategic–economic stream; ii) injunctive–social–behavioural. The first approach perceives as critical the balance between social-oriented aims and profit with a viable business model. Under this perspective, the concept of synergies between the two aims is critical. Its mainstream framework is the stakeholder theory approach, while recent approaches, rooted especially in marketing and strategic human capital studies, bring to the central stage how corporate social responsible actions develop social identity processes with focal stakeholders, which are responsible for reciprocity behaviours. These different perspectives, although complementary, could imply significant differences for the organisation design, product strategy, and the role and power of the chief sustainability officer as well as allocation of resources and capabilities. The second group of studies, i.e., injunctive–social–behavioural, is focused on understanding how to maintain active social aims under economic and competitive constrains. These works are particularly focused in investigating the intrinsic motivations of doing good and the type of tensions that could arise in organizations with a social mission. The works thus analyse the potential drifts, risks, and solutions that could mitigate tension and trade-offs. In this stream, the first line of work is related to social entrepreneurship, especially in developing countries, while the second is more focused on human resource incentive schemes and organizational designs that preserve a company’s social goals under economic constrains. In sum, providing a general and actualized map of the research related to for-purpose enterprises, this article aims to highlight the focal points of investigation that could generate new management theory developments.