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Publication Child Custody Laws and Household Outcomes(Springer Nature, 2022-09-06) Fernández Kranz, Daniel; Roff, Jennifer; Zimmermann, Klaus; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Shared parenting or joint physical custody is an increasingly common phenomenon in many Western countries. While one strand of the economics literature on this topic has taken a theoretical approach, examining the efficiency and distributional effects of joint custody within marriage, most of the literature has focused on identifying the effects of shared parenting empirically. However, an empirical analysis of shared parenting and its consequences is difficult for multiple reasons, including selection in joint custody and data ambiguity in identifying “friendly” joint custody legal regimes. This Handbook chapter provides an overview of the legal treatment of shared parenting internationally and within the USA and discuss the theoretical and empirical literature on the effects of shared parenting on family outcomes. The chapter conclude with directions for future research.Publication Connectivity in the Virtual Office Space: Catalyst or Impediment to TMT Agility?(Springer, 2022) Scarlat, Elvira; Neacsu, Ionela; M. Elvira, Marta; Rodríguez-Lluesma, Carlos; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75In today’s fast-paced and uncertain business landscape, coping with technology developments, increased demand for innovative products, and competitive shifts require top management teams (TMTs) to respond to these challenges with increasingly higher levels of agility. Given the recent rise of ICT in business communication, in this conceptual paper we build on the attention-based view of the firm to shed light on the impact of ICT in shaping the TMT agility. We discuss how ICT can either enhance or impair TMT agility, and identify TMT- and firm-level contingencies that boost the interplay between the two concepts.Publication Digital platforms(Elgar Online, 2021-01-19) Cutolo, Donato; Vang, Jan; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Digital platforms have changed the conditions influencing entrepreneurship across the globe. Research has shown that context is critical in understanding how these platforms impact entrepreneurial endeavors. This chapter illustrates how context is critical in understanding and analyzing how digital platforms influence entrepreneurial opportunities. It suggests that digital platforms represent a new type of intersection between the global and the local, where global forces promote conditions of dependent entrepreneurship. In contrast, local forces shape entrepreneurs’ agency in relation to the global processes. We suggest that, to ensure fair competition and just working conditions for platform entrepreneurs and employees within the industry, there is a need for policies not being steered by techno-skeptical or techno-optimistic frameworks but by a balanced approach. Since Joseph Schumpeter at least, it has been recognized that entrepreneurs discover and create opportunities and build new independent firms (Alvarez and Barney, 2007; Audretsch, 2007). More recently, scholars such as Brynjolffson and McAfee (2016) have hailed entrepreneurship as a vital response to the increasing concerns about digitization’s impact on entrepreneurship and the future of work. The impact of digital platforms on entrepreneurship has emerged simultaneously with a recognition of the importance of context in generic entrepreneurship research. Researching context in relation to digital platforms provides a particular challenge to researchers owing to their simultaneous global and localized nature; the interplay between the global and the local is more complex than in most other industries given the high digital interconnectivity and limited footlessness for many types of transactions and activities. A request on, for example, Innocentive, the world’s leading problem-solving digital platform, can be promoted to potential problem-solvers across the globe at the same time.Publication Feeling Attached to Symbolic Brands within the Context of Brand Transgressions(Emerald, 2015-05-02) Sayin, Eda; Gürhan Canli, Zeynep; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Purpose We propose that brands with strong associations and dedicated customers may be vulnerable if customers perceive them as exploiting their relationship. Methodology/approach We start by reviewing the literature on brand meaning, brand attachment, brand relationships, and brand transgressions. The extant literature implies that as a result of their willingness to sustain their brand relationship, highly attached consumers will either discount negative information about a brand or attribute the responsibility for the negative information to some external factors. We propose, on the other hand, that when negative information dilutes the reason for brand attachment, the norm of the consumer–brand relationship is violated (brand transgression). Then we argue that highly attached consumers of that brand will react more negatively (when compared to consumers not feeling highly attached) toward the brand. Findings We introduce a typology of brand transgressions against the (1) expressive, (2) exclusive, (3) expert, and (4) empathic nature of brands. We discuss the possible effects of attachment levels on consumers’ reactions after such brand transgressions. Additionally, we articulate the moderating effects of four consumer motives (need for self-enhancement, need for uniqueness, need for risk avoidance, and need for justice) on consumer reactions. Originality/value Our reasoning counters the literature suggesting that highly attached consumers of a brand will engage in relationship-sustaining behaviors. We contribute to the brand-transgression literature by providing a more structured and detailed definition of brand transgressions by classifying them under four distinct types.Publication Financial illiteracy, motivations and barriers to saving and investing by Spanish households(Funcas, 2017-10-01) Silva, Ana Cristina; Guyer, Joshua Jorg; Núñez Letamendía, Laura; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Attaining a basic knowledge about financial terms and concepts is a prerequisite for individuals and families to be able to make good decisions about managing their financial resources. Financial decisions such as saving, investing, borrowing and risk-management require a basic understanding regarding the effects of inflation on the value of money over time, the effects of interest rates and their relationship to the cost of loans, and the effects of compound interest on the real value of savings and investments (S&P, 2014). If financial literacy in these areas is lacking, this greatly increases the difficulty of choosing the correct financial strategy, thus placing the economic stability and security of one’s family at risk, which is of particular concern given the relatively unstable current macroeconomic environment. Additionally, financial illiteracy also constrains individuals from actively participating in the overall economy, thus negatively impacting not only themselves but also the general economy (e.g., Lusardi and Tufano, 2015; Lusardi and de Bassa Scheresberg, 2013; Stango and Zinman, 2009).(Full book available at https://www.funcas.es/wp-content/uploads/Migracion/Publicaciones/PDF/2111.pdf)Publication Financial performance management(Taylor and Francis, 2021) Bombín Moreno, Virginia; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75How do effective directors ensure efficient financial performance management? Based on a framework of global corporate governance best practice,which can be used in all organisations anywhere in the world,this chapter of Questions To Ask (QTA) in the boardroom gives a high-level but succinct introduction to financial performance management and the role the board plays in it. Performance management is about identifying the right short-term key performance indicators to be monitored and measured over time,to evaluate performance and trends,to ensure the organisation is driven towards relevant long-term goals in order to accomplish its mission and maximise value creation. The chapter considers what the board should be aware of with regards to financial performance management. This includes clarity of the economic value of the organisation,free cash flows,cost of capital,and competitor performance. It also looks at revenue growth,growth drivers,and customer engagement and satisfaction. To have sufficient insight into the profitability process,directors should also look at the margins,return on invested capital,and operational and financial risks. The chapter’s headings lead into outlining the key Questions To Ask in the boardroom,giving the reader further insight into how to initiate discussions about the practical details requiring the attention of the board. © 2022 selection and editorial matter,Charlotte Valeur and Claire Fargeot; individual chapters,the contributors.Publication Fintech in Islamic finance: From collaborative finance to community-based finance(Routledge, 2019) Anca, Celia de; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This chapter analyses several fundamental aspects of fintech solutions in Islamic finance. It discusses the new collaborative economy and the sociological elements behind this new form of collective economic relationships. The chapter explores collaborative fintech and new forms of technology-driven financial intermediation solutions being launched in the market between capital holders and capital seekers. It explains the opportunities and challenges for Islamic finance. The Islamic financial industry is young, highly technological and with the excess liquidity required to finance innovation. The Islamic finance industry has reacted more quickly than its conventional counterparts, in two fundamental areas; developing innovation in its own capacity and partnering with new Shari‘ah-compliant fintech ventures. Fintech offers a way whereby new technologies can help channel Islamic principles to create a new generation of financial products that can satisfy the demands of future generations. Fintech is revolutionising the financial world through automated complex reasoning mechanisms and new technologies able to make more efficient decision-making procedures.Publication Governance Through Ownership and Sustainable Corporate Governance(Oxford Research Encyclopedias, 2022-03-23) Goergen, Marc; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Sustainable corporate governance has been defined as corporate governance that ensures corporations are run in such a way that they are sustainable over the long term. Note that for corporations to be sustainable in the long run, they need to ensure the preservation, as well as possibly the enhancement, of their ecosystem. This not only includes establishing and maintaining good relations with their shareholders and stakeholders but also preserving their environment. Here, the term environment should be understood as taking on a broader meaning. Indeed, corporations preserving their environment should not be reduced to mere environmentalism but they should also operate in harmony with the broader economic and social system. Put differently, sustainable corporate governance should also ensure that corporations are run in such a way to avoid future crises, such as the Great Recession. This would require a move away from business models that focus on short-term shareholder value while endangering the survival of the corporation over the long term. Whereas much of the existing literature suggests that corporations should merely maximize shareholder value and that a stakeholder approach will result in vague and often contradictory objectives for the management, long-term shareholder value creation is nevertheless compatible with the corporation looking after the interests of its immediate, as well as possibly more remote, stakeholders. Ultimately, sustainable business practices will not only benefit the corporation’s employees, customers, and the broader society but also its owners. The key question that arises is whether there is a link between various types of owners and sustainable corporate governance. A number of related questions emerge. What different types of owners are there and how influential are they in putting their stamp on how their investee firms are managed? Attempting to answer these questions requires revisiting the premise of the principal-agent theory that owners are typically disinterested from engaging with their investee firms. The main critique of this premise is that, even within the Anglo-Saxon corporate governance system, firms tend to have block holders, and there exist activist shareholders. Further, since the 1980s there has been an emergence - as well as an increase in the prevalence - of activist shareholders. Are some types of owners or shareholders more likely to enhance and maintain sustainability than others? A review of extant evidence on the effects of various types of shareholders on long-term financial and non-financial goals suggests the following. While some types of owners are found to promote and support sustainable corporate governance, the effect of other types is less clear or even negative. This difference in effects could be due to three reasons. First, context, including the national setting, is important. Second, some types of investors, such as sovereign wealth funds, show great diversity in their characteristics and objectives. Finally, the goalposts are shifting with an increasing number of investors embracing corporate social responsibility and environmental, social, and governance issues. Importantly, given the increasingly visible consequences of global warming and societal unrest caused by a worsening of wealth inequality, the transition to a more sustainable society should not merely be the responsibility of corporate owners. Others, including corporate executives and business schools, are key to achieving this transition.Publication Innodiversidad: La diversidad al servicio de la Innovación para navegar en tiempos turbulentos(Lo que no existe, 0202) Anca, Celia de; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75¿Por qué discriminar a quien opina distinto? ¿Cómo aprovechar el potencial de su pensamiento y de su experiencia? ¿Cómo utilizar esa diversidad convirtiéndola en ventaja competitiva para nuestra empresa? La rápida globalización está dando lugar a un despertar de identidades donde las personas diferentes quieren ser reconocidas y valoradas. Somos diferentes, es inevitable y es bueno. Sin la diversidad no tendríamos variedad de respuestas, el grupo no se beneficiaría de la creatividad de la persona y la persona tampoco lo haría del progreso del grupo. Personas pertenecientes a organizaciones y empresas privadas comparten en este libro su saber teórico y su experiencia abordando aspectos relativos a la gestión de la diversidad y la inclusión. Gracias a ellas y ellos obtenemos un retrato de la situación actual y una guía cuyo propósito es ayudarnos a progresar como empresas y sociedad, aprovechando el talento único de cada individuo.Publication Inquiry into Digital Peer-to-Peer Platforms(Edward Elgard, 2023-05-18) Silva, Rosario; Gerwe, Oskana; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Peer-to-peer (P2P) platform businesses are an increasingly prevalent form of exchange that are becoming more diverse as they span across different industries. For the research on P2P platforms to move forward, it is important to have a clear view of what we understand under P2P platforms and how we can systematically conceptualize their heterogeneous universe. This conceptual paper has three objectives. First, it provides a definition of P2P platforms. Second, it develops a systematic classification of P2P platform businesses based on three salient dimensions: 1) asset that underlies the transaction (physical, human, digital asset or money); 2) mode of transaction (only online or online plus offline); and 3) monetary compensation (present or absent). Third, it maps the landscape of digital strategies that P2P platforms can use in order to attract, match and retain peer-providers and consumers.Publication Maladaptive Smartphone Usage(Palgrave Macmillan Cham, 2024-07-30) Zimmermann, Laura; Somasundaram, Jeeva; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This chapter examines the phenomenon of maladaptive smartphone consumption, considering its detrimental effects on individuals and exploring potential strategies to overcome this behavior. Despite the many beneficial aspects of smartphones, growing concern has been raised about the potential maladaptive nature of excessive smartphone usage. This chapter provides an overview of the literature on this topic. Specifically, we explore the habitual nature of smartphone usage and under what conditions it should be considered maladaptive. We further provide an overview of existing research on adverse consequences of smartphone usage for subjective wellbeing, cognition, academic performance, and employment-related consequences of smartphone overuse as well as social outcomes (e.g., phubbing). To overcome maladaptive smartphone usage, we summarize interventions to reduce smartphone usage based on different mechanisms (e.g., self-control approaches, digital nudges and design frictions, incentives) and highlight measurement issues when researching this topic. We conclude by providing recommendations for policy-makers, researchers, and businesses dealing with maladaptive smartphone consumption. Overall, this book chapter provides a comprehensive examination of maladaptive smartphone consumption, its consequences, and potential solutions. By addressing the multifaceted aspects of this behavior, it offers insights for researchers, firms, and policy-makers alike.Publication Mechanisms of Accountability and Governance: Audit, Assurance, and Internal Control(Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023-09-12) Trombetta, Marco; Carrera, Nieves; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75We adopt a historical perspective to understand the current landscape of accountability and governance mechanisms. In adopting assurance as the umbrella concept for audit and internal control, we explore how the notion of accountability ("accountability for what") and the beneficiaries of corporate accountability ("accountability to whom") have changed over time, leading to the re-definition of "old" mechanisms of accountability and governance and the development of new mechanisms ("accountability through"). We then provide an overview of recent studies examining how these mechanisms contribute to accountability and governance. We show that the recent trend of combining traditional financial reporting with other reporting activities in an integrated report is questioning the traditional boundaries among the three mechanisms, challenging the attempts to compartmentalize them ("combined assurance"). The chapter concludes by proposing a taxonomy as a tool to help conceptually organize the recent debates on assurance, audit, and internal control practices.Publication Online Availability(Springer, 2019-11-01) Gruen, Thomas; Corsten, Daniel; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This chapter presents a research study of online availability (OLA) in six non-food consumer goods categories (baby care, fabric care, hair care, oral care, skin care, and shave care) at online and omnichannel retailers in six major countries (China, France, Germany, Japan, UK, and USA). It provides insight into the extent of online availability (OLA) and its opposite non-online availability (NOLA) using data from online retailers’ websites, reports from surveys of online shoppers, and surveys from managers of online retail and branded goods manufacturers. It illuminates online shoppers’ encounters with NOLA and reactions to it with a detailed examination of switching behavior to alternative options. It estimates the lost sales opportunities and provides guidelines for improving OLA.Publication Private Equity and Employment(2012-01-01) Goergen, Marc; O’Sullivan, Noel; Wood, Geoffrey; Springer International Publishing; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Private equity houses are normally structured in the form of private partnerships, with the silent partners, typically institutional investors and the odd wealthy individuals providing the financing, while the general partners choose the firms to be acquired. The general managers charge a fixed management fee for their efforts and they also receive a percentage of the profits – confusingly called carried interest – when the private equity house exits an investee firm. Investee firms are typically acquired through debt finance with a fairly minor share of the financing being in the form of equity (Brealey et al. 2022). Private equity acquisitions – or for that matter, even for the growing number of firms where private equity merely takes a minority stake – may have quite profound effects not only on financial performance but also on the long-term sustainability of the firm, and indeed, on a wide range of stakeholders, most notably employees (Goergen 2022)....Publication Social Media and Strategic Leadership(Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024-05-14) Kyprianou, Christina; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75This chapter discusses both the benefits and risks of social media for strategic leaders, and develops a framework of leader social media engagement through a strategic lens. It first identifies key individual, organizational, and environmental attributes influencing the goals leaders may pursue through social media. It subsequently considers the impact of these goals on five social media engagement choices, and theorizes the impact of these choices on cognitive, affective, and relational strategic processes. The resulting framework aims to inspire future research at the intersection of social media and strategic leadership, as well as equip practitioners with a deeper understanding of the potential drivers and outcomes of their social media activity.Publication Tell Me Your Story and I Will Tell Your Sales: A Topic Model Analysis of Narrative Style and Firm Performance on Etsy(2020-11-09) Cutolo, Donato; Ferriani, Simone; Cattani, Gino; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Strategy scholars have widely recognized the central role that narratives play in the construction of organizational identities. Moreover, storytelling is an important strategic asset that firms can leverage to inspire employees, excite investors and engage customers’ attention. This chapter illustrates how advancements in computational linguistic may offer opportunities to analyze the stylistic elements that make a story more convincing. Specifically, we use a topic model to examine how narrative conventionality influences the performance of 78,758 craftsmen selling their handmade items in the digital marketplace of Etsy. Our findings provide empirical evidence that effective narratives display enough conventional features to align with audience expectations, yet preserve some uniqueness to pique audience interest. By elucidating our approach, we hope to stimulate further research at the interface of style, language and strategy.Publication The Journey of Corporate Diversity in Tribal Times: Corporate Communities of Aspiration in MAPFRE(Springer, 2018-05-31) Anca, Celia de; Aragón, Salvador; Iñiguez, Santiago; Ichijo, Kazuo; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Understanding diversity and its connection with identity in global organizations is particularly relevant at this moment in history, often described as tribal and whose driving force takes the form of a collective mindset, as illustrated by many terms that have recently entered into currency: co-creation, co-working, co-thinking or co-financing, along with working collectively, all key elements in the new forms of economic activity. The first step to correctly manage diversity is to understand what it means, as well as understand the different types of diversity that can be found in global organizations. This is covered in the first part of this chapter. We then move to the relationship between diversity and identity. Understanding identities helps us to use the existing tools correctly to effectively include diversity in corporate life. Next, we define how diversity fits in the new tribal context and how companies can use the emerging collective mindset as a driving force. The concept of collective individualism can help companies balance our desire for community with our individual needs. Finally, we describe the case of Spanish insurance company, MAPFRE, as an illustration of how corporate communities of aspiration can become a powerful tool for companies to channel the power of diversity into innovative energy.Publication The Journey of Corporate Diversity in Tribal Times: Corporate Communities of Aspiration in MAPFRE(Springer Nature, 2018-05-31) Anca, Celia de; Aragón, Salvador; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Understanding diversity and its connection with identity in global organizations is particularly relevant at this moment in history, often described as tribal and whose driving force takes the form of a collective mindset, as illustrated by many terms that have recently entered into currency: co-creation, co-working, co-thinking or co-financing, along with working collectively, all key elements in the new forms of economic activity. The first step to correctly manage diversity is to understand what it means, as well as understand the different types of diversity that can be found in global organizations. This is covered in the first part of this chapter. We then move to the relationship between diversity and identity. Understanding identities helps us to use the existing tools correctly to effectively include diversity in corporate life. Next, we define how diversity fits in the new tribal context and how companies can use the emerging collective mindset as a driving force. The concept of collective individualism can help companies balance our desire for community with our individual needs. Finally, we describe the case of Spanish insurance company, MAPFRE, as an illustration of how corporate communities of aspiration can become a powerful tool for companies to channel the power of diversity into innovative energy.Publication The United Kingdom(Cambridge University Press, 2023-06) Goergen, Marc; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75The product of a long-standing collaboration and recent collective research effort by members of the CGEUI network, The European Corporation makes an important contribution to the ongoing debate over convergence to the Anglo-Saxon model of corporate governance and persistence in corporate governance and law in Europe. This book fills the gap in the debate, and literature's lack of country-specific evidence on the evolution of ownership and control which has proven to be a serious impediment to both legal and economic analysis and evidence-based policymaking. It provides systematic and comparable accounts of ownership and control structure change (respectively persistence) in large firms across Europe over the decades following the 'global corporate governance revolution' in the 1990s. Focusing on countries in Europe's four main regions, this volume presents and discusses the net effects of the interplay between the 'global corporate governance revolution' and of its main countervailing forces in Europe.Publication When the Cloud Runs out of its Silver Lining(Routledge, 2020-07-27) Ravindran, Kiron; Gonzalez Muñoz, Juan Manuel; van den Bergh, Alex; Beulen, Erik; Ribbers, Pieter; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Cloud computing services are central to most organizations’ IT portfolio. Adopting a cloud computing strategy typically involves a one-way migration of IT skills and capabilities out of the organization. Therefore, it is interesting to observe what happens when organizations wish to end such engagements. Based on a survey of Spanish firms, we list some key insights on software as a service (SaaS) contracts in comparison to contracts containing Application development and maintenance and others containing hardware services. We find that satisfaction levels are generally high and premature termination is lower in the case of SaaS contracts compared to application development and hardware contracts. Post-termination, the typical strategy is to move to new external providers. Termination is associated with vendors’ service quality rather than relationship management. Unlike in the case of application or hardware contracts, SaaS contracts do not appear to suffer from the challenges of know-how transfer.