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Publication Plurality in the mediterranean : A case of gender(IE University, 2013-05-01) Anca, Celia de; Bouhia, Hynd; Anca, Celia de; https://ror.org/00c5kmy11This research illustrate how new concepts of diversity management are helping face challenges in the work environment and specifically those related to gender diversity in corporations. A pragmatic approach was elaborated by a group of international researchers led by the IE Center for Diversity and supported by the IE Foundation, the Moroccan GDG Foundation and the Bertelsmann Foundation. The research project focused on perceptions of women’s inclusion in senior and middle management in Spanish and Moroccan companies.Publication Las obligaciones de medios y de resultado en la propuesta de Código Mercatil(IE University, 2014-07-01) Elizalde, Francisco de; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75El trabajo analiza la novedosa regulación de las obligaciones de medios y de resultado en la Propuesta de Código Mercantil (PCM), que incide directamente en los contratos de servicios. Para ello, estudia previamente la validez actual de la mencionada y controvertida clasificación, respecto de la cual se aprecia un renovado interés. Sobre esta base, se valora críticamente la regla general de la PCM en la materia, sugiriendo algunas reformas que la doten de una mayor utilidad práctica en la labor de determinar el alcance vinculante de una obligación de hacer. Asimismo, se estudia la aplicación del binomio obligaciones de medios/obligaciones de resultado a los contratos mercantiles particulares de la PCM.Publication IE Luxury Barometer 2014(IE University, 2015-01-02) Girón Dávila, María Eugenia; Millán Planelles, David; https://ror.org/00c5kmy11El objetivo del estudio ha sido doble: por un lado, conocer la visión de los profesionales y expertos del sector del lujo y prestigio sobre los aspectos y tendencias más importantes de la industria y del mercado en 2014. y por otro lado, explorar las implicaciones que para el desarrollo del sector pueden tener estos aspectos en el futuro inmediato y a largo plazo. La metodología del estudio ha consistido en dos fases diferenciadas. En primer lugar se ha realizado una investigación cuantitativa sobre una población de 40 personas con un conocimiento reconocido del sector y del mercado del lujo. En segundo lugar se ha realizado un estudio cualitativo en base a una mesa redonda para debatir los resultados de la fase cuantitativa inicial.Publication Nuevos retos en medición de Recursos Humanos(IE University, 2015-07-01) Rojo, Pilar; Molina, Elena; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75En este artículo de Pilar Rojo y Elena Molina, publicado en la revista Capital Humano, las autoras reflexionan sobre los retos de la medición en la gestión de personas y cómo esta puede aportar valor añadido a la organización. Uno de los principales retos de las áreas de Recursos Humanos en los últimos años ha sido la creación de una paulatina cultura de medición. La tecnología ha facilitado el diseño de Cuadros de mando que ha permitido a la función de personal contar con indicadores de gestión, como sucede en otras áreas de las empresas. La experiencia demuestra que con mejores sistemas de gestión se obtienen mejores resultados. Pero, la cuestión no es sólo medir, también hay que saber interpretar los resultados obtenidos, analizarlos y tomar las decisiones adecuadas.Publication Informe "key drivers behind high value city travel"(IE University, 2015-10-29) Girón Dávila, María Eugenia; https://ror.org/00c5kmy11Google search delivers 415 million hits on the search terms report + tourism. So why another research on tourism? Not only because tourism represents 9% of the global GDP and all jobs worldwide. Not only because the number of tourists worldwide is expected to almost double from 2010 to 2030. Also another research because change, especially in the higher ends of the travel markets, is happening at a breathtaking speed. Because the tourism sector, due to the big differences among markets, among segments, and among destinations, requires very specific, focussed research. This research focuses on European capital city destinations for high value Non-Euro market segments. The city travel market has been growing nearly 60% over the last 5 years, far more than touring, sun & beach or other sectors. There are knowledge gaps to be filled regarding many issues including the mix of leisure and business travel, the meaning of sophisticated experiences or the impact of mobile web. The IE Premium and Prestige Observatory started in 2010 with the goal of generating and sharing knowledge about the premium market and industry worldwide. With the support of MasterCard we have done research on the impact of the digital revolution in luxury client behaviour and the industry pace of adaptation. We have explored the meaning of memorable experiences and its key drivers. The Observatory has also supported premium and luxury entrepreneurship and it has given visibility to sustainable luxury entrepreneurs. Urban tourism is a key driver of this industry. It was among the top ten most challenging issues identified by luxury experts and executives at IE Luxury Barometer 2014. At a time when up to 60% of luxury brand (apparel, accessories, cosmetics, jewellery and watches) sales in European cities are to tourists, luxury executives count on it as a key source of growth. From the industry perspective, hospitality, gastronomy and cultural sectors thrive as tourism flows increase.Publication IE Luxury Barometer 2015(IE University, 2016-02-16) Girón Dávila, María Eugenia; Millán Planelles, David; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75The aim of the study is two-fold: • One objective is get to know the point of view of professionals and experts of the luxury and prestige sector regarding the most important issues and industry trends in 2015. • The second is to explore the implications that these aspects may have on the development of this sector in the immediate future and in the long-run. The study’s methodology consists of two separate phases. In the first phase we carried out a quantitative study on a population of 50-people, all of whom are recognized for their knowledge of the luxury sector and market. The second phase consisted of a qualitative study, based on a roundtable discussion, meeting face-to-face with experts to discuss the results of the initial quantitative phase. The 2015 Barometer offered luxury experts a selection of 30 hot topics to choose from (see Exhibit 1). These 30 topics were selected to create a list which was representative of the most important aspects influencing the market. These topics were also assumed to be a priority in the agenda of luxury executives. In this year’s edition of the Barometer, the selection of the 30 hot topics has been complemented with some additional topics that were not included in last year’s edition. For starters, the 2015 edition sought to gain deeper insights into the digital transformation of luxury firms. Therefore, instead of considering one single topic about digital transformation of the firm, two independent topics have been considered, giving separate focus to the digital communication process and to the digital selling process.Publication Premium travel barometer 2016(IE University, 2016-05-02) Gieschen, Jörn; https://ror.org/00c5kmy11The Premium Travel Barometer is a new initiative from the IE Premium and Prestige Business Observatory in 2016. The goal of the Barometer is to help better understand the importance of relevant topics for successful business performance in the premium and luxury travel markets. 2016 will be the initial version and the Barometer will be done annually in order to detect trends and changes regarding the analyzed industry drivers. More precisely, the objectives of the Barometer are: Understand the relevance of selected issues for business success in the premium and luxury travel segment according to selected international industry experts Uncover the major implications of the chosen topics on the sector development The study has been conducted in two phases and with two different methods. In Phase 1, over 70 international premium travel market experts have been asked to rate 25 selected topics moving the sector, allowing for a ranking of the most important topics for the sector. In Phase 2, a group of premium travel experts was invited to interpret the results of the survey, discuss different aspects of the chosen topics, and identify possible impacts and actionable items. The 25 topics to choose from have been identified in internal discussions among the Barometer collaborators, aiming to create a list representative of the most important topics influencing the business. Different categories of topics were chosen in order to find a somewhat balanced approach.Publication Sovereign wealth funds 2017(IE University, 2017-01-01) Capapé, Javier; Santiso, Javier; https://ror.org/00c5kmy11Para ofrecer una visión en profundidad de las tendencias, estrategias y transacciones de los fondos soberanos, presentamos la sexta edición de la Sovereign Wealth Funds Report, un proyecto conjunto de ICEX-Invest en España e IE Business School. Esta nueva edición del informe profundiza en el análisis de un periodo caracterizado por una importante caída del crudo. Precios que impactan muchas economías dependientes de hidrocarburos y sus respectivos SWFs, y muestra la consistencia con la que los SWF se desplazan hacia inversiones a largo plazo en activos reales.Publication High Value City Travel Report 2017(IE University, 2017-01-10) Girón Dávila, María Eugenia; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75The focus of this year’s IE High Value City Travel report based is on two megatrends that are much intertwined already and keep becoming even more intertwined day by day: the digital (travel) evolution and the ever-growing quest for deep, meaningful (travel) experiences. We see digital giants like Google, Airbnb, Tripadvisor and Expedia taking major strategic decisions and investing heavily in travel experiences creation, facilitation, promotion and sales. They are, together with many small and not-any-longer so small travel tech start-ups like Getyourguide and Musement, driving the evolution from online flight and accommodation booking only, towards a much more complete pre-booking approach including activities, experiences and events. Many of the activities, events, and experiences have been offered before, but they have mainly been sold offline and locally. The mentioned players now offer different channels to finally make all this offer visible and bookable. Without any doubt this is an upload spiral: more experience inspiration and booking channels will stimulate more offer, which in turn will further improve the relevance of the channels, etc. Before digging deeper in the dynamic supply side development, the report will make understood the elementary difference between meaningful high value experiences and standard activities and events. The art of experience creation, management, and marketing is especially crucial for the premium travel markets. Based on last year’s primary research of high value travellers from the US, UK, Russia and Latin America the report will also deeper explore the demand for experiences before exploring the mentioned game-changing developments on the supply side driven by travel and tech firms alike.Publication Luxury surrenders to the Internet: the role of millenials(IE University, 2017-02-17) Millán Planelles, David; https://ror.org/00c5kmy11The second edition of Luxury surrenders to the internet from the IE Premium & Prestige Business Observatory, prepared in collaboration with Condé Nast, evaluates the evolving impact of the internet on the luxury market. This edition focuses particularly on understanding the role of the younger generation of millennials.Publication IE Luxury Barometer 2016(IE University, 2017-03-28) Girón Dávila, María Eugenia; Millán Planelles, David; https://ror.org/00c5kmy11The IE Premium and Prestige Observatory started in 2010 with the goal of generating and sharing knowledge about the premium market and industry worldwide. With the support of MasterCard we have done research on the impact of the digital revolution on luxury clients’ behaviour and the pace at which the industry is adapting, as well as focusing on the behaviour of the Millennials generation and the differences compared to baby boomers. We have explored the meaning of memorable experiences and their key drivers. The Observatory has also supported premium and luxury entrepreneurship and has given visibility to sustainable luxury entrepreneurs. With the IE Luxury Barometer, the Observatory has created a tool to build applied knowledge about the sector and to provide support for action. This “from experts to experts” research is based on the insight of industry executives, academics, investors, and observers. Thanks go to the panel of experts, who have generously shared their insights into the key themes that shape the priorities of the luxury industry by answering our questionnaire and also participating in the face-to-face debate. I would like to thank the individuals who helped make the IE Luxury Barometer 2016 possible. Thanks to my co-author David Millán for his rigorous work and expertise. Thank you, Luca Solca and Carlos Delso for joining us for the presentation of this paper and sharing your learnings and experience. We envision “IE Luxury Barometer” as a tool, valuable in generating knowledge for the premium and prestige industries. This third edition was about completing a full circle of identifying priorities for luxury experts and executives.Publication IE Premium Travel Barometer 2017(IE University, 2017-06-01) Gieschen, Jörn; https://ror.org/00c5kmy11When we launched the first IE Premium Travel Barometer in 2016, our vision was to provide a tool valuable in the generation of knowledge for the Premium and Prestige travel industries with the potential to become an annual research report of reference for the sector. We present here our second IE Premium Travel Barometer. This research is based on the insight of experts from the ecosystem of Premium travel. Learnings and insights were taken from international industry experts in various fields of the travel industry, ranging from hospitality to public institutions, operators, shopping, travel retail, culture or services. We are very grateful to the panel of experts who generously shared their insights and expertise into the keys that shape the priorities of Premium travel by answering our questionnaire and also participating in the face-to-face debate. This work is part of the annual outputs of IE Premium and Prestige Observatory. Started in 2010 with the goal of generating and sharing knowledge about the premium market and industry worldwide, the Observatory has conducted several lines of research among which premium travel is a main pillar. With the support of MasterCard we have done research on the impact of the digital revolution in luxury client behavior and the industry pace of adaptation. We have explored the meaning of memorable experiences and its key drivers as well as key issues for the sector at IE Luxury Barometer. As well as the recently published paper on the role of Millenials in premium and luxury purchases.Publication Determinantes en el comportamiento de la población española frente al ahorro y la inversión(IE University, 2017-11-01) Silva, Ana Cristina; Núñez Letamendía, Laura; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Dada la importancia que han asumido los productos financieros para nuestra vida cotidiana, siempre es útil intentar recopilar información sobre los inversores actuales y/o potenciales y sus actitudes y conocimientos. Esta información es preciosa tanto para las entidades financieras, para que puedan adaptar sus productos y sus prácticas comerciales a las características de sus clientes, como para los reguladores, para que puedan decidir dónde puede ser necesaria su intervención. Con la intención de no fastidiar la lectura de este informe anticipando todos los contenidos, me limito a destacar un aspecto, que como institución educativa nos afecta más de cerca y nos debe hacer reflexionar. Los datos presentan una situación algo desoladora: la población española tiene en general pocos conocimientos financieros, tanto en lo que se refiere a la comprensión de conceptos básicos como la inflación, los tipos de interés, o la diversificación, como sobre los productos financieros que tienen disponibles para gestionar sus ahorros, o sobre las funciones de muchas de las instituciones financieras que participan en los mercados. Las instituciones educativas, junto a los organismos públicos y las entidades financieras debemos asumir nuestra responsabilidad en esta tarea pendiente, la de capacitar a los ciudadanos para tomar decisiones financieras en un entorno cada vez más complejo.Publication El futuro del seguro de salud en España : Hoja de ruta para su transformación digital(IE University, 2018-02-01) Penín, Juan Manuel; Retamosa Fuente, Raúl; Vega, Nancy; Fabra, Andrea; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Tras una investigación y análisis exhaustivos de este vertical, este informe presenta como recomendaciones algunas medidas y acciones sobre las que los responsables de las distintas compañías del seguro de salud en España puedan ir construyendo su sostenimiento y desarrollo futuros. Creemos firmemente que cada empresa debe diseñar su propio camino, personalizar su actividad, con el fin último de adaptar su cultura, organización, productos y servicios a las necesidades de sus clientes, los asegurados, en cada uno de los momentos significativos de sus vidas. El principal objetivo del equipo responsable de esta hoja de ruta ha sido el de ser útiles para los profesionales de este segmento. Para ello, nos hemos apoyado en nuestros respectivos conocimientos y experiencias profesionales, en este y otros ámbitos, para, a partir de ahí, y con la colaboración inestimable de numerosos expertos del sector, de las propias aseguradoras y de start-up que persiguen su transformación, generar una serie de recomendaciones que consideramos claves en la evolución de cualquier compañía y que pueden ser aplicadas, con igual o mayor eficacia, en la transformación del seguro de salud. En el presente informe proponemos tres vectores de transformación sobre los que pivotar el cambio: las personas (cultura, modelo organizativo y talento), puesto que estamos convencidos de que no habrá cambio alguno si este no es liderado por las personas que forman parte de la organización; los datos, como pilar estratégico para la toma de decisiones en todas y cada una de las áreas de la empresa; y la tecnología, como elemento facilitador del proceso. Esperamos que los profesionales que lideran el sector asegurador de nuestro país y, en concreto, los responsables del segmento de seguro de salud, encuentren en este informe la motivación necesaria para acelerar el proceso de transformación de sus compañías, y, quizás, un puñado de ideas sobre las que fundamentar e impulsar sus respectivas estrategias de negocio para conseguirlo.Publication The Customer Journey of the Premium Traveler : Highlights of an investigation among 2.175 international travelers from the US, the UK and Spain(IE University, 2018-06-11) Gieschen, Jörn ; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75All stakeholders of this research, the research team and ini9ators at IE, our partners at Google Travel, Mastercard, and many industry partners, have been so excited about this research from the start due to one key reason: this research profoundly taps into a big black box, an area with many assumptions and myths, but few data and intelligence. How are premium travelers really different from their mass market peers, how do their preferences and behavioral patterns compare?To answer the many unanswered questions, a broad primary market research was undertaken in three big international markets, the US, the UK, and Spain. Over 2,100 travelers went through an extensive online questionnaire, nearly 1,500 of them fulfilled the criteria as premium travelers frequently using luxury accommodation like 5-star Grand or Boutique hotels or high-end holiday rentals, allowing to build an incredibly rich data set to explore. Clearly, the vast majority of these travelers represent the upper but not the very high-end segments of the market represented by High Networth or even Ultra High Networth individuals, reason why we rather speak of premium than of luxury market segments.So, what are the key differences between premium and standard travelers the research could unveil?Publication La formación del asesor en el sector financiero y asegurador. El camino hacia la educación financiera del cliente.(IE University, 2019-01-01) Núñez Letamendía, Laura; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75En el contexto actual, la educación financiera de la sociedad es una necesidad acuciante, debido a la combinación de tres factores: el impacto de la reciente crisis en el patrimonio y los ingresos de las familias; el reto de lograr una estabilidad financiera a lo largo de vidas más longevas; y la creciente complejidad del entorno financiero. Según un estudio del Center for Insurance Research del IE, los españoles perciben que su conocimiento sobre las alternativas de inversión es muy deficiente, y más de la mitad de la población carece de las competencias financiaras básicas necesarias para gestionar sus finanzas. Estos datos tienen que ser tenidos en cuenta por el sector financiero a la hora de informar y asesorar al cliente. La responsabilidad de las entidades comienza por la formación adecuada de sus empleados y así lo reconoce la regulación europea, a través de las directivas MIFID II e IDD, que introduce nuevas exigencias en materia de formación del personal que comercializa productos financieros.Publication Barómetro de fidelización IE-Inloyalty 2018: el reto de la fidelización de clientes visto desde las empresas españolas(IE University, 2019-03-07) Sinha, Shameek; Serra, Teresa; Stamatogiannakis, Antonios; Gonçalves, Dilney; Díaz Bernardo, Ramón; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75Descripción de la investigación: Encuesta nacional (España), Online, 900 personas, 9 categorías de productos, 2 canales de compra en cada categoría de producto – tienda física y online. Objetivo de la Investigación: Entender la importancia de distintos inputs en las distintas etapas de la toma de decisión del consumidor. Etapas: Búsqueda de información; Evaluación de alternativas y drivers de decisión de compra; Evaluación post-compra.Publication IE Luxury Barometer 2018(IE University, 2019-03-07) Millán Planelles, David; https://ror.org/00c5kmy11The IE Mastercard Luxury Barometer aims to unveil the knowledge of luxury experts. • A selected list of high profile luxury specialist in management, finance, media and education (Experts) are surveyed. • By identifying the expert’s top priorities, the barometer intends to measure the aspects that put more pressure on the evolution of the luxury industry and its firms. • The study intends to offer some specific knowledge that may help luxury companies with their business development. • The IE Mastercard Luxury Barometer might be valuable research to: a) understand the point of view of experts and professionals regarding the most important aspects and trends in the luxury sector; b) to explore the implications that these aspects may have on the development of this sector in the immediate future and in the long term.Publication Chinese versus European entrepreneurship(IE University, 2019-04-14) Valdivieso, José Félix; https://ror.org/00c5kmy11Within the unfathomable solitude of the world, humanity is incapable of escaping the magical power wielded by the symbolism of the center. From the moment we each realize we don’t know exactly where it is we come from, it’s only logical we try desperately to connect with an afterlife that justifies our existence. Mircea Eliade summed up the architectural symbolism of the Center by pointing out that all cultures search for the Mountain or Sacred Temple that serves as Axis Mundi, the point where heaven, earth, and hell converge. The prevailing idea seems to be that if we can locate ourselves in the center, we can connect with the divine and will be saved, or at the very least we can mitigate our loneliness. This idea has manifested itself in various ways. In the West, there was a time when the Christian temple was a representation of the universe (imago mundi). In the East, the example of China is perhaps the best known: in Mandarin it is known as the Country of the Center ( 中国 the first character, zhōng (中) means “center”, and guó (国) means “country”)Publication Business with Purpose and the Rise of the Fourth Sector in Ibero-America : The world will fail to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals — here's how purpose-driven companies can fix that(IE University, 2019-10-04) Rubio, Diego; Azevedo, Carlos; Blanco Estévez, Adrián; Berrelleza Rendón, Mildred Daniela; Caballero, Sybil; Cabral, Sandro; Castelao Caruana, María Eugenia; Godoy, Pedro de; Gutiérrez, Diana Carolina; Miranda, Paula; Pires de Almeida, Filipa; Sánchez Álvarez, César; Vasconcellos, Lígia; Zózimo, Ricardo; https://ror.org/02jjdwm75With stagnating growth rates, increasing inequality and unwavering pollution rates across the developing and developed world, it is clearer than ever that our current economic framework, developed late in the 19th century, is under severe stress. At the current pace, we will not meet the Sustainable Development Goals set in the 2030 Agenda, an agenda which explicitly relies on the commitment of the private sector to succeed. We must all contribute to rethinking the functioning of the market and give it a new purpose. Only thus will we find a new development trajectory. Our current three-sector social and economic model (government, private sector and NGOs) is the place to start. This division seems to imply that businesses cannot have any other purpose than maximizing profit and shareholder value. But, as our study shows, this is not true. A new Fourth Sector of the economy, made up of for-social benefit and purpose-driven companies, is rising both in the world and in our region of Ibero-America; a region where roughly 10 % of the world’s population lives. The Fourth Sector represents 6 % of the total economy of the seven countries we have studied (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, México, Portugal and Spain), which, in turn, account for 87 % of total Ibero-American GDP. This new Sector employs almost 10 million workers annually. The reasons behind this rise are manifold, and in the present work many are discussed, including the birth of an innovative regulatory framework in some countries in the region. But we would like to highlight one in particular: the arrival of a new generation of consumers and entrepreneurs who, against all odds, have started to search for purpose beyond revenue. This, the fact that the rise of the Fourth Sector is partly organic, is very encouraging news. However, much more needs to be done. In this study, we set some guidelines of where action should be directed, and what policies should be enacted to make this new ecosystem thrives. Only if we succeed at carrying them forth will we be able to build that prosperous, inclusive and sustainable future to which our region is profoundly and explicitly committed. Only thus will our economies reflect the nature of our citizens’ values, and will we be able to address the deep challenges of the 21st century.